Download Cause and Effect paragraphs

Name____________________________
Cause and Effect paragraphs
Paragraph #1
In recent decades, cities have grown so
large that now about 50% of the Earth's
population lives in urban areas. There are
several reasons for this occurrence. First,
the increasing industrialization of the
nineteenth century resulted in the creation of
many factory jobs, which tended to be located in cities. These jobs,
with their promise of a better material life, attracted many people from rural
areas. Second, there were many schools established to educate the children of
the new factory laborers. The promise of a better education persuaded many
families to leave farming communities and move to the cities. Finally, as the
cities grew, people established places of leisure, entertainment, and culture,
such as sports stadiums, theaters, and museums. For many people, these
facilities made city life appear more interesting than life on the farm, and
therefore drew them away from rural communities.
Cause
1
Effect
50% of the Earth's population lives in
urban areas
2
3
Highlight in the passage any of these signal words that you find.
Since
Due to
As a result of
consequently
because
For this reason
therefore
so
Name____________________________
Paragraph #2
There are several possible reasons why my father
is in excellent health, even though he is over eighty years
of age. For one thing, he is in excellent condition because he
has stopped smoking cigarettes. He quit smoking cigarettes because whenever
he climbed stairs he would invariably stop several times and cough loudly. His
good health is also due to his cutting down on the wrong kinds of foods. For
example, whereas before he would eat fatty red meat and deep-fried dishes
several times a week, nowadays he seldom does so. He has more energy as a
result. He is also in good physical shape as a consequence of his devotion to
exercise. He swims three times a week at the local gym, and on sunny days he
prefers to walk home rather than take the bus. So my father is in better shape
than some of his children are!
Cause
1
2
3
Highlight the signal words in the passage.
Effect
My father is in excellent health.
Name____________________________
Comparison and Contrast Paragraph
My hometown and my college town have several
things in common. First, both are small rural
communities. For example, my hometown, Gridlock, has a population of only
about 10,000 people. Similarly, my college town, Subnormal, consists of about
11,000 local residents. This population swells to 15,000 people when the
college students are attending classes. A second way in which these two towns
are similar is that they are both located in rural areas. Gridlock is surrounded by
many acres of farmland which is devoted mainly to growing corn and
soybeans. In the same way, Subnormal lies in the center of farmland which is
used to raise hogs and cattle. Thirdly, both of these towns are similar in that
both contain college campuses. Gridlock, for example, is home to Neutron
College, which is famous for its Agricultural Economics program as well as for
its annual Corn-Watching Festival. Likewise, the town of Subnormal boasts the
beautiful campus of Quark College, which is well known for its Agricultural
Engineering department and also for its yearly Hog-Calling Contest.
Name____________________________
Comparison Paragraph -- Organized by Similar Points
TOPIC
SENTENCE
My (a) hometown and (b) college town are similar.
POINT #1
Both are small rural communities.
DETAIL (a)
DETAIL (b)
POINT #2

Gridlock has about ___________people.


Subnormal has about ___________ local residents.
It has about ___________ college students.
Both are located in rural areas.
DETAILS (a)



Gridlock is surrounded ________________________
This farmland is devoted to growing ___________
The land is also used to grow _______________________.
DETAILS (b)


Subnormal is in the center of land used______________.
This land is also used to raise __________________
POINT #3
DETAILS (a)
Both towns ___________________________________



DETAILS (b)



Gridlock is home to ______________ College.
This college is famous for its
___________________________________________
program.
It is also famous for its annual _________Watching Festival.
Subnormal contains _______________ College.
This campus is famous for its ___________________
Engineering department.
It is also famous for its yearly _________-Calling Contest.
Name____________________________
Insert these words where they belong.
however
likewise
whereas
also
another difference
while
but
similarly
on the other hand
Even though Arizona and Rhode Island are both
states of the U.S., they are different in many ways. For example, the physical
size of each state is different. Arizona is large, having an area of 114,000
square miles, ___________ ____
Rhode Island is only about a
tenth the size, having an area of only 1,214 square miles. ___________ is in
the size of the population of each state. Arizona has about four million people
living in it, ___________ Rhode Island has less than one million. The two
states also differ in the kinds of natural environments that each has. For
example, Arizona is a very dry state, consisting of large desert areas that do not
receive much rainfall every year. ___________ Rhode Island is located in a
temperate zone and receives an average of 44 inches of rain per year. In
addition, ___________ Arizona is a landlocked state and thus has no
seashore, Rhode Island lies on the Atlantic Ocean and does have a significant
coastline.
in the same way
likewise
while
both
however
another similarity
similarly
whereas
too
Even though we come from different cultures, my wife and I are alike in
several ways. For one thing, we are __________thirty-two years old. In fact,
our birthdays are in the same month, hers on July 10 and mine on July 20.
_________ is that we both grew up in large cities. Helene was born and raised
in Paris and I come from Yokohama. Third, our hobbies are alike _________.
My wife devotes a lot of her free time to playing jazz piano. _________, I like
to spend time after work strumming my guitar. A more important similarity
concerns our values. For example, Helene has strong opinions about educating
our children and raising them to know right from wrong. I feel _________. Our
children should receive a good education and also have strong moral training.
Name_______________Process Essay
A PROCESS OF DIGESTION
The digestive process is important in maintaining
the lives of living organisms and in providing them
with needed energy. Groups of organs, such as the
mouth, esophagus, stomach, and intestines, work
together to perform this complex task. Digestion is the
I. Introduction
Thesis: Ingestion, digestion, andprocess of breaking down food from large molecules
into small ones to make it easier for absorption. The
absorption are the three major steps
involved in the digestive process. three major steps involved in the digestive process are
ingestion, digestion, and absorption.
Outline
Ingestion, which occurs in the mouth, is the first step
of the digestive process. After food enters the mouth,
the teeth chew it. Saliva, which is produced by the
A. Food ______________
salivary glands, plays a major role in breaking down
B. Food __________________ the food into smaller pieces. These small pieces travel
C. Food _________________ to the stomach through the esophagus.
II. Food is ingested.
In the stomach, the second step of the digestive
III. Food is _________________ process begins. When the chewed food reaches the
A. _________________
bottom of the esophagus, a valve lets the food enter
_________
the stomach. Contraction of the stomach wall mixes
_____________________________
the food. Acidic gastric juices, which are secreted by
_______
the gastric glands in the stomach, help in mixing the
food and in turning it into a partial liquid so it will
B. The partially liquid food
moves from the stomach to the have the ability to move into the small intestine. In the
small intestine, enzymes are secreted, and digestion is
small intestine.
completed.
C. ________________are
secreted.
The last step in the digestive process is absorption.
Absorption takes place in the small intestine. The wall
IV. ________________________ of the small intestine is lined with small, finger like
projections called villi. Small molecules of food are
A. The digested food passes absorbed by the huge number of villi. Some of these
through the walls of the small
absorbed molecules enter the bloodstream to be
intestine.
distributed throughout the whole body.
B. The digested food is absorbed
into the bloodstream.
In conclusion, the digestive process involves three major
steps: ingestion, digestion, and absorption. Ingestion, which
occurs in the mouth, helps to increase the surface are of the
V. Conclusion
food particles and prepares them for digestion. In the
stomach, digestion begins, and it continues until it reaches
Paraphrased Thesis: The
digestion process involves three the small intestine, where absorption takes place. The
digestive process maintains organisms' lives by providing
major steps ___________________
them with energy needed for different functions.
__________________________
Outline
I. Introduction
Thesis: Ingestion, digestion, and absorption are the three major steps involved in the
digestive process.
II. Food is ingested.
A. Food enters the mouth.
B. Food is chewed.
C. Food is ready to travel to the stomach.
III. Food is digested.
A. Food is mixed with acidic gastric juices in the stomach.
B. The partially liquid food moves from the stomach to the small intestine.
C. Enzymes are secreted.
IV. Absorption
A. The digested food passes through the walls of the small intestine.
B. The digested food is absorbed into the bloodstream.
V. Conclusion
Paraphrased Thesis: The digestion process involves three major steps: ingestion,
digestion, and absorption.