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The Age of Faith E. Napp Objective: To identify and explain the role of the Roman Catholic Church in the Middle Ages Do Now: Multiple-choice questions from previous lessons 1. The most important factor in the fall 4. Mecca was an important city for of Rome was which of the following reasons? (A) Invasions of people from the (A) It was both a trading center and a north. site of worship. (B) Economic decline and inflation. (B) It gathered Jews, Christians, and (C) Invasions of people from the east Muslims in one urban center. and south. (C) It was Muhammad’s base when (D) The clash between the military he spread his ideas to the and civilian power in Bedouins. government. (D) It was the site of the Hijrah. 2. The _____ brought Christianity to the Slavic peoples. (A) Scandinavian princes (B) Byzantine Empire (C) Western kingdoms (D) Papal missionaries 3. In exchange for the labor of peasants, lords provided… (A) Cloth and an occasional coin. (B) Festivals and celebrations. (C) Church services. (D) Capital investments, justice, and protection. The Catholic Church was the only church in Europe during the Middle Ages, and it had its own laws and large coffers (financial resources). Church leaders such as bishops and archbishops sat on the king's council and played leading roles in government. Bishops, who were often wealthy and came from noble families, ruled over groups of parishes called "diocese." Parish priests, on the other hand, came from humbler backgrounds and often had little education. The village priest tended to the sick and indigent and, if he was able, taught Latin and the Bible to the youth of the village. ~learner.org 4. The Muslims tolerated Jews and Christians because (A) They all shared the same scriptures and God. (B) Christians and Jews had trade relations with Muslims. (C) Christians and Jews did not resist. (D) Christians and Jews resisted vigorously and were granted autonomy. Questions: What was the only church in Europe during the Middle Ages? ________________________________ What did the Church have? ________________________________ Describe the Bishops. ________________________________ Describe the Parish priests. ________________________________ What did the village priest do? ________________________________ What language did the Church teach? ________________________________ Cornell Notes Outline: The Age of Faith (Add Key Words and Summaries) The Key Words: The Notes: I. Before the Medieval Period A. Romans persecuted the Christian Church for nearly 300 years until 313 when the Emperor Constantine ordered toleration of all religions B. In 392, the Emperor Theodosius proclaimed Christianity the official religion of the Empire C. In the next 200 years, the Church in the west grew strong enough to fill the power vacuum in Europe as Rome weakened and decayed II. The Church Becomes Powerful A. As the state religion, the Christian Church was exempt from taxes B. This allowed its wealth to grow C. The building of churches by the emperors enhanced the power of the clergy in major communities throughout Europe D. One example of the power of Christian Church officials is that it was not the emperor who rode out to meet the invader Attila and dissuade him and his Huns from sacking Rome in 452, but Pope Leo I III. The Medieval Church A. The Roman Catholic Church was the only Christian Church in Western Europe during the Middle Ages B. Church officials were often the only literate people in a community C. Church officials controlled education D. The Church collected tithes or taxes from followers E. Lords sometimes left land to the church F. The Church was the largest landowner in Western Europe during the Middle Ages The Summaries: Please read the passage below and answer the questions: During the Middle Ages, the Roman Catholic Church was the single most powerful organization in Western Europe. There were many reasons for its power. First, people during the Middle Ages were very religious. They believed that the Roman Catholic Church represented God on Earth and held the power to send a person to Heaven or Hell. In addition, many nobles left land to the Church when they died hoping to gain entry into heaven. Therefore, the Church became Western Europe’s largest landowner. Church wealth also increased through tithes or church taxes which all Catholics were required to pay. Finally, the Church was the main center of learning. Church officials were usually the only people who could read and write. Rulers often relied on Church officials, since they were the most educated people during the Middle Ages. While Western Europeans were divided into small kingdoms, the one institution that united people during the Middle Ages was the Roman Catholic Church. Questions: 1- What was the single most powerful organization in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? ________________________________________________________________________ 2- Why was the Roman Catholic Church the most powerful institution in Western Europe during the Middle Ages? ________________________________________________________________________ 3- Why was the Roman Catholic Church the largest landowner during the Middle Ages? ________________________________________________________________________ 4- What is a tithe and how did tithes increase Church wealth? ________________________________________________________________________ Why did rulers rely on Church officials? ________________________________________________________________________ 5- Why did the Roman Catholic Church unite people during the Middle Ages? ________________________________________________________________________ During the Middle Ages, monks and nuns copied books from the past to make more copies. They did this by hand because no one in Europe had invented a machine to copy words. They decorated these books with bright colors and pictures. Over time, the largest monasteries (a place where monks live together) and convents (a place where nuns live together) became centers of learning. The monks and nuns kept alive learning from the past. Even though the central government collapsed with the fall of the Roman Empire, the Roman Catholic Church remained strong. Barbarians had converted to Catholicism. The Roman Catholic Church always had a tradition of the monastic life or a person devoting his or her life to the Church by forsaking marriage and family. Monks and nuns promised to never marry, to never own property, and to never disobey their superiors in the Church. They spent their lives praying, studying, and working. 6- What did monks and nuns do that greatly benefited the people of Western Europe? ___________________________________________________________________________ 7- What did monks and nuns promise to do? ___________________________________________________________________________ 8- Why did the Roman Catholic Church remain strong after the fall of Rome? ________________________________________________________________________ 1- “All things were under its domain...its power was such that no one could hope to escape its scrutiny.” Which European institution during the Middle Ages is best described by this statement? (A) the Guild (C) Knighthood (B) the Church (D) the nation-state 2- The Middle Ages in Western Europe was characterized by the manor system and (A) the importance of land ownership (B) absolute monarchies and strong central governments (C) decreased emphasis on religion in daily life (D) extensive trade with Asia and the Middle East 3- Feudal societies are generally characterized by (A) an emphasis on social order (B) a representative government (C) many economic opportunities (D) the protection of political rights 4- The art, music, and philosophy of the medieval period in Europe generally dealt with (A) human scientific achievements (B) religious themes (C) materialism (D) classic Greek and Roman subjects 5- In Europe during the Middle Ages, the force that provided unification and stability was the (A) central government in Rome (B) military alliance between France and Germany (C) federation of the craft guilds (D) Roman Catholic Church More Questions: Place the following groups in the feudal hierarchy: Lords, Knights, and Serfs Is the feudal class system a fixed class system: ___________ Explain your answer: ____________________________________________ How does the triangle’s shape convey the realities of the feudal class system? Top of the Triangle: ____________________________________ Bottom of the Triangle: _________________________________