Download Civil War Saunders VUS 7 Causes of the War: There are several

Civil War
Saunders
VUS 7
1.
Causes of the War: There are several reasons that the Civil War happened. Sectional tensions between
the North and South, the abolitionist movement, and failure of compromises to provide a permanent solution all
contributed.
Causes
Tariffs:
Westward expansion:
Description
Protective Tariffs were supported by the North and opposed by the South
Balance of power between Free and Slave states was hard to maintain with the addition of
new Territories
State’s Rights:
Disagreements over the nature of the union and the powers of the Federal Government.
Abolition:
Movement in the North to end the slavery that supported the Southern economy.
Dred Scott Case:
Supreme Court declared slaves property and Missouri Compromise unconstitutional.
Kansas Nebraska Act: Popular sovereignty leads to open conflict “Bleeding Kansas”.
Abraham Lincoln wins Reaction and Effect: Several Southern states refused to accept Lincoln’s presidency
Election of 1860:
because they feared he would abolish slavery and ruin their economy. Southern states
succeeded and form the Confederate States of America which triggered the Civil War.
President Lincoln’s
call for 75,000 troops
in 1861:
2.
Major Leaders of the Civil War:
Name
Abraham
Lincoln
Loyalty/Side Significance/Importance:
North
President during the Civil War who issued the Emancipation Proclamation and was
assassinated at Ford’s Theater by John Wilkes Booth.
Jefferson
Davis
South
Ulysses S.
Grant
North
Robert E.
Lee
South
Fredrick
Douglas
North
3.
Reaction and Effect: Virginia, North Carolina, Tennessee and Arkansas succeeded and
West Virginia was created when Virginia succeeded.
President of the Confederate States of America.
Union military general that replaced several unsuccessful Union commanders and in
credited with winning the Civil war through “total war”. He later became President and
supported the pardoning of Confederate military leaders.
Celebrated Confederate General in charge of the Army of Northern Virginia who was
against secession, but did not believe the Union should use force to keep the Union
together. At the end of the war, Robert E. Lee urged Southerners to accept defeat and
unite as Americans again, even though some Southerners wanted to continue the fight.
Former enslaved African American who became a prominent abolitionist and urged
Lincoln to recruit former enslaved African Americans in fight in the Union Army.
Major events of the Civil War:
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Civil War
Saunders
VUS 7
Event
Fort Sumter
Description/Importance:
On April 12, 1861, President Lincoln refused to evacuate federal troops from Fort Sumter. Lincoln
did not pull troops because he did not want to look weak and wanted the South to start the war so that
he could have the higher moral standing. When Confederate forces fired, the Civil War began.
Antietam
First battle that the North wins in September of 1862 which led Lincoln to issue the Emancipation
Proclamation.
Gettysburg
Turning point of the Civil war in July of 1863 and the only battle on Northern territory.
Appomattox
Where Lee surrendered to Grant ending the Civil War.
4.
Impact of Lincoln. Lincoln believed that the Civil War of the “Second American Revolution” and was
necessary to reach the ideals first proclaimed in the Declaration of Independence.
Action of Lincoln
Emancipation
Proclamation
What is it? Why was it important?
On New Year’s Day, 1863, Lincoln issued the Emancipation Proclamation. The document freed
all slaves in the rebelling states. By issuing the Emancipation Proclamation, Lincoln made the
destruction of slavery a Northern war aim. This proclamation also discouraged any interference
of foreign governments in the war, since neither Great Britain nor France wanted to give the
appearance of supporting slavery. It made the use of black troops a viable option for the North.
In November 1863, Lincoln dedicated a military cemetery in Gettysburg. This set forth the
North’s dual war aims of preserving the Union and abolishing slavery.
Gettysburg
Address
5.
Reconstruction: The war and reconstruction caused Southern resentment towards the North and African
Americans. Eventually whites in the South gain back political control and African Americans’ newly found
rights did not last.
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Civil War
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Political changes:
Lincoln’s view of
Reconstruction
Lincoln’s
Assassination
VUS 7
Lincoln believed that Reconstruction was a matter of quickly restoring legitimate state
governments that were loyal to the Union. Ten Percent plan – if 10% of a state’s population
pledged an oath of allegiance to the US, the state would be restored to the union.
A few days after Lee surrendered at Appomattox, John Wilkes Booth assassinated Lincoln at
Ford Theatre in Washington, D.C. Andrew Johnson succeeded Lincoln.
Andrew Johnson’s
view of
Reconstruction
Radical
Republicans view
of Reconstruction
Impeachment of
Andrew Johnson
Andrew Johnson believed basically the same thing about Reconstruction as Lincoln, but
Johnson was a native of Tennessee, racially prejudiced, and unwilling to extend citizenship
rights to former slaves.
They wanted to punish the South. They put the South under military occupation and they
believed in aggressively guaranteeing voting and other civil rights to African Americans.
Civil War
Amendments
Election of 1876
13th: Abolished slavery
14th: States were prohibited from denying equal rights under the law to any American.
15th: Voting rights were guaranteed regardless of “race, color, or previous condition or
servitude”
The Reconstruction period ended following the extremely close presidential election of 1876.
Compromise of
1877
In return for support in the electoral vote from Southern Democrats so Rutherford B. Hayes
was elected President, the Republicans agreed to end the military occupation of the South.
The Radical Republicans and Andrew Johnson clashed over the issue of civil rights of African
Americans so they impeached him, but failed to remove him from office.
Economic changes:
South: The Southern states were left embittered and devastated by the Civil War. Farms, railroads, and factories
had been destroyed throughout the South, and the cities of Richmond and Atlanta lay in ruins.
North and Mid-West: The North and Midwest emerged from the war with strong and growing industrial economies.
This development laid the foundation for the sweeping industrialization of the nation (other than the South) during
the next half-century and the emergence of the United States as a global economic power by the beginning of the
twentieth century.
Social Changes:
African Americans: African-Americans in the South lost most of the political gains they had made during
Reconstruction, including the right to vote and sit on juries. In short, Reconstruction’s end marked the beginning of
a long period in which African-Americans in the South were denied the full rights of American citizenship.
Common soldiers: Most suffered injuries and lost economic standing.
Women: Assumed roles of men during the war and assumed new roles as nurses and teachers, however, they did
not gain any political power.
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