Download review for characteristics of life/macromolecules/enzymes test

Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
REVIEW FOR BIOCHEMISTRY TEST
1. Be sure to read over and understand ALL notes and returned work!
2. Be sure you know what the following words mean or what they do:
Word
Meaning or Function
monomer
polymer
macromolecule
enzyme
protease
catalyst
substrate
active site
3.
How are monosaccharides different from disaccharides? Give an example of each.
4.
How is DNA different from RNA?
5.
Saturated fats are “saturated” with hydrogen atoms. Identify the saturated, monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fats below. Which one is the “better” fat to eat?
6.
What is the suffix for enzymes?
7.
Complete the chart.
Polymer
Protein
What is the suffix for sugars?
Fat
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Monomer made
8.
Complete the chart explaining the specific characteristics of water.
Characteristic
What it means
cohesion
Example
surface tension
adhesion
capillary action
polar
1
Name ___________________________________________
9.
Complete the chart.
Macromolecule
Foods it is in
Protein
Fat
_____ /15
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Functions
What it looks like
10.
What is the difference between the following bond types? Which is the strongest?
A. Covalent
B. Ionic
C. Hydrogen
D. Metallic
11. What element do all organic compounds have in common? How many bonds can it make?
12. Answer the questions about the following graphs.
Graph A
Graph B
A.
Which is higher in graph A, the energy of the reactants or the energy of the products?
B.
In graph A, what is the difference in the amount of activation energy between the two
reactions?
C. In graph B, how much more product can be made at 35°C than at 25°C?
D. In graph B, what is the optimal (best) temperature to make the most product?
E.
In graph B, if the temperature was 40°C would you expect there to be more or less product
than at 35°C?
13. Can enzymes be used more than once?
2
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
14. Hurricanes are rated on a scale of 1−5 by wind speed as summarized in the table below.
Category
Wind speed (mph)
1
74−95
2
96−110
3
111−130
4
131−155
5
156+
One source on hurricanes provides the following information about the intensity and occurrence of hurricanes in
Texas and Mexico from 1900−2004.
Number of
Category
hurricanes
1
65
2
41
3
50
4
16
5
2
Based only on the information in the tables, for the majority of the hurricanes that will strike the coast near Texas
and Mexico, what is the most likely wind speed range, in mph?
A.
74−95
B.
96−110
C.
111−130
D.
131−15
15. Dr. Graham has written a paper on the internal temperature of nests of alligator eggs. His data show that
temperature determines the sex of the hatchlings. What is the best method of validating the reliability of Dr.
Graham’s experiment?
A.
Dr. Graham should clearly document the experimental process.
B.
Dr. Graham should repeat the experiment at another time of year.
C.
Several scientists should repeat the experiment using Dr. Graham’s design.
D.
Several scientists should observe Dr. Graham as he repeats the experiment.
16. What is the best definition of a scientific theory?
A.
An explanation of how and why a natural phenomenon behaves the way it does
B.
A description of an invariable relationship that exists in nature
C.
A speculation or guess about how nature works
D.
An unproven fact
17 Ming volunteers for a study to determine whether a certain medication helps people sleep. Volunteers are assigned
to 1 of 2 groups. Volunteers in Group 1 are given the medication, and volunteers in Group 2 are given a placebo.
Which of the following steps is necessary to ensure the scientific validity of the results?
A.
Assigning the subjects to each group at random
B.
Assigning all of the subjects with sleeping problems to the placebo group
C.
Telling subjects if they are receiving the medicine or the placebo
D.
Placing 100 volunteers in Group 1 and 10 volunteers in Group 2
3
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
18 Breaking which type of bond would require the most energy?
A.
Covalent
B.
Electrostatic
C.
Hydrogen
D.
Intermolecular
19. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that can form between a single carbon atom and 1 or more
hydrogen atoms?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
20 In glycerol (C3H8O3), there is a hydroxyl group (OH) bound to each of the 3 carbon atoms.
The bond between the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group and a carbon atom in glycerol is best classified as what
type of bond?
A.
Covalent
B.
Hydrogen
C.
Intermolecular
D.
Ionic
21. Two students conduct an experiment in which they measure the concentration of an enzyme in a test tube at
1 minute intervals over the course of a chemical reaction. Before beginning the experiment, each of the students
makes a prediction about what will happen to the enzyme concentration as the reaction progresses.
Student 1 predicts that the concentration of the enzyme in the test tube will significantly decrease as the reaction
progresses.
Student 2 predicts that the concentration of the enzyme in the test tube will not significantly decrease as the
reaction progresses.
The results of the experiment will most likely support the prediction of which student?
A.
Student 1; enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
B.
Student 1; enzymes are not consumed during a chemical reaction.
C.
Student 2; enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
D.
Student 2; enzymes are not consumed during a chemical reaction.
4
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
22. Which of the following chemical formulas represents an organic molecule?
A.
H2O
B.
AgNO3
C.
C12H22O11
D.
CuSO4 H2O
23. Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme in the human stomach. Antacids cause the pH of the stomach to increase and
protein digestion becomes less efficient. What occurs to reduce the efficiency of protein digestion?
A.
Antacids break the covalent bonds within pepsin.
B.
Pepsin dissolves antacids in the gastric juice.
C.
The active site of pepsin changes shape.
D.
The concentration of pepsin increases.
24. Methane (CH4), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen (N2) are gases at room temperature. Water (H2O) has a similar molar
mass to these molecules. Why is H2O a liquid at room temperature while CH4, O2, and N2 are not?
A.
H2O has a lower viscosity.
B.
H2O has a lower boiling point.
C.
Adjacent H2O molecules form hydrogen bonds.
D.
Nonpolar covalent bonds hold H2O molecules together.
25. Which functional group found in amino acids is absent from monosaccharides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and
glycerol?
A.
−COOH
B.
−NH2
C.
−OH
D.
−PO4
26. Papain, an enzyme in papaya, breaks down polymers composed of amino acids. Which of the following substances
does papain break down?
A.
Carbohydrates
B.
Fatty acids
C.
Nucleic acids
D.
Proteins
5
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
27 How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
A.
By reducing activation energy
B.
By reducing energy produced by the reaction
C.
By increasing activation energy
D.
By increasing energy produced by the reaction
28. Honey is composed mostly of glucose and fructose. What property of water explains why honey dissolves easily in
water?
A.
Water exhibits strong cohesion.
B.
Water has a high specific heat.
C.
Water is a polar molecule.
D.
Water is easily ionized.
29. Why are organic molecules so diverse?
A.
They form mirror images of each other.
B.
They contain oxygen, which has 6 valence electrons.
C.
They form when any naturally occurring elements combine
D.
They have carbon skeletons that vary greatly in arrangement.
30. What is the primary factor that determines the polarity of a bond between atoms?
A.
The total number of electrons involved in the bond
B.
The total number of protons and neutrons in both atoms
C.
The difference in the relative attraction of electrons to each atom
D.
The difference in the relative attraction of protons to each atom
6
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
14. Read the story, study the tables, and then answer the questions that follow.
Sarah and David run cross country for Westerville North. The night before a big race, one person eats
chicken, rice, and broccoli with a Pepsi to drink. The other person eats a donut and a banana with a glass
of orange juice to drink.
They both get sick the next morning and a doctor wants to analyze what they ate the night before.
Here are the results from the doctor’s tests.
Person
Test
Result
Sarah
Protein
Fat
Sugar
Starch
Pink
No light goes through the bag
Light orange
Blue-black
David
Protein
Fat
Sugar
Starch
Blue
Light goes through the bag
Orange
Yellow-brown
Here is a table of what the results mean.
Macromolecule Test
Positive Result (Yes)
a.
Protein
Pink
Fat
Light goes through
Starch
Blue-black
Sugar
Orange/Green
Who had the chicken, rice, broccoli, and Pepsi for dinner?
b.
Who had the donut, banana, and orange juice for dinner?
c.
Whose meal gave them macromolecules to build muscle?
d.
Whose meal gave them the most quick energy?
e.
Whose body had to use lipase to break down a macromolecule?
f.
Whose body had to use protease to break down a macromolecule?
g.
Who will have the most energy for the race the next morning?
Negative Result (no)
Blue
No light goes through
Yellow-brown
Blue
7
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
REVIEW FOR BIOCHEMISTRY TEST
15. Be sure to read over and understand ALL notes and returned work!
16. Be sure you know what the following words mean or what they do:
Word
Meaning or Function
monomer
polymer
macromolecule
enzyme
protease
catalyst
substrate
active site
17. How are monosaccharides different from disaccharides? Give an example of each.
18. How is DNA different from RNA?
19. Saturated fats are “saturated” with hydrogen atoms. Identify the saturated, monounsaturated and
polyunsaturated fats below. Which one is the “better” fat to eat?
20. What is the suffix for enzymes?
What is the suffix for sugars?
21. Complete the chart.
Polymer
Protein
Fat
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Monomer made
22. Complete the chart explaining the specific characteristics of water.
Characteristic
What it means
cohesion
Example
surface tension
adhesion
capillary action
polar
8
Name ___________________________________________
23. Complete the chart.
Macromolecule
Foods it is in
Protein
Fat
_____ /15
Carbohydrates
Nucleic Acids
Functions
What it looks like
24.
What is the difference between the following bond types? Which is the strongest?
A. Covalent
B. Ionic
C. Hydrogen
D. Metallic
25. What element do all organic compounds have in common? How many bonds can it make?
26. Answer the questions about the following graphs.
Graph A
Graph B
A.
Which is higher in graph A, the energy of the reactants or the energy of the products?
B.
In graph A, what is the difference in the amount of activation energy between the two
reactions?
C. In graph B, how much more product can be made at 35°C than at 25°C?
D. In graph B, what is the optimal (best) temperature to make the most product?
E.
In graph B, if the temperature was 40°C would you expect there to be more or less product
than at 35°C?
27. Can enzymes be used more than once?
9
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
14. Hurricanes are rated on a scale of 1−5 by wind speed as summarized in the table below.
Category
Wind speed (mph)
1
74−95
2
96−110
3
111−130
4
131−155
5
156+
One source on hurricanes provides the following information about the intensity and occurrence of hurricanes in
Texas and Mexico from 1900−2004.
Number of
Category
hurricanes
1
65
2
41
3
50
4
16
5
2
Based only on the information in the tables, for the majority of the hurricanes that will strike the coast near Texas
and Mexico, what is the most likely wind speed range, in mph?
A.
74−95
B.
96−110
C.
111−130
D.
131−15
15. Dr. Graham has written a paper on the internal temperature of nests of alligator eggs. His data show
that temperature determines the sex of the hatchlings. What is the best method of validating the
reliability of Dr. Graham’s experiment?
A.
Dr. Graham should clearly document the experimental process.
B.
Dr. Graham should repeat the experiment at another time of year.
C.
Several scientists should repeat the experiment using Dr. Graham’s design.
D.
Several scientists should observe Dr. Graham as he repeats the experiment.
16. What is the best definition of a scientific theory?
A.
An explanation of how and why a natural phenomenon behaves the way it does
B.
A description of an invariable relationship that exists in nature
C.
A speculation or guess about how nature works
D.
An unproven fact
17 Ming volunteers for a study to determine whether a certain medication helps people sleep. Volunteers are assigned
to 1 of 2 groups. Volunteers in Group 1 are given the medication, and volunteers in Group 2 are given a placebo.
Which of the following steps is necessary to ensure the scientific validity of the results?
A.
Assigning the subjects to each group at random
B.
Assigning all of the subjects with sleeping problems to the placebo group
C.
Telling subjects if they are receiving the medicine or the placebo
D.
Placing 100 volunteers in Group 1 and 10 volunteers in Group 2
10
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
18 Breaking which type of bond would require the most energy?
A.
Covalent
B.
Electrostatic
C.
Hydrogen
D.
Intermolecular
19. What is the maximum number of covalent bonds that can form between a single carbon atom and 1 or more
hydrogen atoms?
A.
1
B.
2
C.
3
D.
4
20 In glycerol (C3H8O3), there is a hydroxyl group (OH) bound to each of the 3 carbon atoms.
The bond between the oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group and a carbon atom in glycerol is best classified as what
type of bond?
A.
Covalent
B.
Hydrogen
C.
Intermolecular
D.
Ionic
21. Two students conduct an experiment in which they measure the concentration of an enzyme in a test tube at
1 minute intervals over the course of a chemical reaction. Before beginning the experiment, each of the students
makes a prediction about what will happen to the enzyme concentration as the reaction progresses.
Student 1 predicts that the concentration of the enzyme in the test tube will significantly decrease as the reaction
progresses.
Student 2 predicts that the concentration of the enzyme in the test tube will not significantly decrease as the
reaction progresses.
The results of the experiment will most likely support the prediction of which student?
A.
Student 1; enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
B.
Student 1; enzymes are not consumed during a chemical reaction.
C.
Student 2; enzymes are consumed during a chemical reaction.
D.
Student 2; enzymes are not consumed during a chemical reaction.
11
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
22. Which of the following chemical formulas represents an organic molecule?
A.
H2O
B.
AgNO3
C.
C12H22O11
D.
CuSO4 H2O
23. Pepsin is a protein-digesting enzyme in the human stomach. Antacids cause the pH of the stomach to increase and
protein digestion becomes less efficient. What occurs to reduce the efficiency of protein digestion?
A.
Antacids break the covalent bonds within pepsin.
B.
Pepsin dissolves antacids in the gastric juice.
C.
The active site of pepsin changes shape.
D.
The concentration of pepsin increases.
24. Methane (CH4), oxygen (O2), and nitrogen (N2) are gases at room temperature. Water (H2O) has a similar molar
mass to these molecules. Why is H2O a liquid at room temperature while CH4, O2, and N2 are not?
A.
H2O has a lower viscosity.
B.
H2O has a lower boiling point.
C.
Adjacent H2O molecules form hydrogen bonds.
D.
Nonpolar covalent bonds hold H2O molecules together.
25. Which functional group found in amino acids is absent from monosaccharides, polysaccharides, fatty acids, and
glycerol?
A.
−COOH
B.
−NH2
C.
−OH
D.
−PO4
26. Papain, an enzyme in papaya, breaks down polymers composed of amino acids. Which of the following substances
does papain break down?
A.
Carbohydrates
B.
Fatty acids
C.
Nucleic acids
D.
Proteins
12
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
27 How do enzymes speed up chemical reactions?
A.
By reducing activation energy
B.
By reducing energy produced by the reaction
C.
By increasing activation energy
D.
By increasing energy produced by the reaction
28. Honey is composed mostly of glucose and fructose. What property of water explains why honey dissolves easily in
water?
A.
Water exhibits strong cohesion.
B.
Water has a high specific heat.
C.
Water is a polar molecule.
D.
Water is easily ionized.
29. Why are organic molecules so diverse?
A.
They form mirror images of each other.
B.
They contain oxygen, which has 6 valence electrons.
C.
They form when any naturally occurring elements combine
D.
They have carbon skeletons that vary greatly in arrangement.
30. What is the primary factor that determines the polarity of a bond between atoms?
A.
The total number of electrons involved in the bond
B.
The total number of protons and neutrons in both atoms
C.
The difference in the relative attraction of electrons to each atom
D.
The difference in the relative attraction of protons to each atom
13
Name ___________________________________________
_____ /15
28. Read the story, study the tables, and then answer the questions that follow.
Sarah and David run cross country for Westerville North. The night before a big race, one person eats
chicken, rice, and broccoli with a Pepsi to drink. The other person eats a donut and a banana with a glass
of orange juice to drink.
They both get sick the next morning and a doctor wants to analyze what they ate the night before.
Here are the results from the doctor’s tests.
Person
Test
Result
Sarah
Protein
Fat
Sugar
Starch
Pink
No light goes through the bag
Light orange
Blue-black
David
Protein
Fat
Sugar
Starch
Blue
Light goes through the bag
Orange
Yellow-brown
Here is a table of what the results mean.
Macromolecule Test
Positive Result (Yes)
h.
Protein
Pink
Fat
Light goes through
Starch
Blue-black
Sugar
Orange/Green
Who had the chicken, rice, broccoli, and Pepsi for dinner?
i.
Who had the donut, banana, and orange juice for dinner?
j.
Whose meal gave them macromolecules to build muscle?
k.
Whose meal gave them the most quick energy?
l.
Whose body had to use lipase to break down a macromolecule?
Negative Result (no)
Blue
No light goes through
Yellow-brown
Blue
m. Whose body had to use protease to break down a macromolecule?
n.
Who will have the most energy for the race the next morning?
14