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Name ________________________________________________ Date: _______________ RAT DISSECTION PACKET DUE: May Per. _________ th 19 Double Formative Rat Practical Exam: Friday, May 26, 2017 Use your notebook to complete the table below. Your Rat Practical Exam will include questions about functions, secretions, tissue types, etc. This is your preparation guide for the practical exam. All questions are taken from this packet! Nervous System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Organ that controls your body Largest most prominent region. Responsible for voluntary actions, site of intelligence, learning & judgment. Responsible for all involuntary activities including breathing & heart beat Responsible for efficient and graceful movements of muscles Type of neuron that carries impulses from the sensory organs to the ______________ Type of neuron that carries impulses from the ___________ to muscles and glands Type of neuron that connects ____________ to ___________ neurons Long membrane covered with _______________ that carries impulses from the cell body to the axon terminals Receives impulses from another neuron and passes it onto the cell body Branch of nervous system that contains Brain & Spinal Cord Branch of nervous system that includes all neurons not part of the brain & spinal cord Transmit the impulse to the brain Eye ball Ear Light first passes through the ___________, a transparent, protective covering. The _____________ is the “skittle” looking thing that completes focusing of the light ray. The ________________ is the white part that protects. The colored part of the eye called the __________ is made up of ___________ tissue that controls the size of ________________ Sound waves first enter through the ____________________, which vibrates the ______________ that vibrations is carried on though the ___________, __________, ______________, which is attached to the ________________ where the sound waves changed into pressure waves. Pressure waves enter the _____________, where a nerve impulse is created and transferred to the brain through the ________________. The semicircular canals in the ear are for ____________ not hearing, also not involved in hearing is the ____________________ which is used for drainage to the sinuses. Integumentary System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Layer that contains the protein _______________ that water proofs your skin, and the protein ________________ that gives your skin its color. The middle layer of skin that contains blood vessels, ______________, Nail follicles, sensory receptors, and ______________ & ____________ glands. Inner most layer that stores __________ Immune System Structure/Organ thymus Function/Characteristics Helps with immunity by producing hormones, white blood cells known as T cells Type of T cell that track down and destroy pathogens & foreign tissue Type of T cells that identify pathogen & send message to Killer T Type of T cells that turns off the immune response ___________ (the good guy) Produced in response to ___________________ (the bad guy) contains 2 binding sites. 1st line of defense against pathogens Skeletal System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Division of the skeleton that contains cranium, ____________, vertebrae, costas, sternum, sacrum & _____________________ Division of the skeleton that contains arms, legs, clavicle, scapula & ______________________ Joint that has the greatest range of movement. Ex: _________________________ Joint that has back and forth movement. Ex: _____________________________ Joint where bones twist against each other. Ex: _________________ Part of bone structure that contains marrow. Red marrow is the location of _____________ cell production. Yellow marrow- site of _________________________ storage. The tough protective layer that surrounds the bone The outer dense layer of bone Muscular System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Type of muscle that is voluntary, striated & multinucleated. Found attached to ___________________________ Type of muscle that is involuntary, striated & only found in the _____________________ Type of muscle that is involuntary & smooth. Found in ______________________________________________ Contracting units of muscle fibers; Made up of two proteins ________________ & ________________ Excretory System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Main organ of excretion that removes ___________ from the blood Tubes leading from kidney to urinary bladder. Muscular sac that stores urine. Vessel through which urine leaves the body. Main functional unit of the kidney; ___________ is where filtration occurs and is located in the ________ capsule. Digestive System Structure/Organ digastricus muscles masseter muscles Function/Characteristics Mechanical digestion of food begins. Wad of chewed food called a ________________. Skeletal muscle that opens mouth; makes mandible go down Skeletal muscle that closes the mouth Secrete saliva into the mouth. which moistens the food and contains the enzymes, _______________ which begins chemical digestion of ________________ & ______________ breaks down the cell wall of ________________ “Food tube” leading from mouth to stomach. Bolus is moved through contraction of smooth muscles called _________________ Very muscular sac that mechanically digests all food. Secretes: a. _____________ - causes it to be acidic & activates Pepsin b. ____________ - begins chemical digestion of ____________. c. ____________ - lines & protects Acidic food is now called ______________. __________ is secreted to continue mechanical digestion of lipids. Also stores _glycogen_ (storage of excess ___________) ____________________ is secreted to neutralize chyme as it enters; also secretes digestive _______________ to complete chemical digestion of biomolecules Nutrients absorbed through _________ – projections that increase surface area Site of ______________ absorption. Contains colonies of _____________ for ___________ production Storage of solid waste Circulatory Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Receiving chambers of heart Pumping chambers of heart Blood vessels that carry blood towards the heart & contains ___________ to keep the blood flowing in one direction. Largest one is _______________ Carries Oxygen ____________ blood, except the ______________ Smallest blood vessels where the exchange of _______________ & _______________ occur. Spleen Blood cells Blood vessels that carry blood _________ from the heart. Largest one is _____________ Carries Oxygen ____________ blood, except the ______________ “Red blood cell cemetery” Our blood is made up of red blood cells which contain _____________________, for ___________ carrying capability, ________________ for fighting infections, platelets which are ______________ of cells to help form ______ and plasma proteins. Valves Respiratory Systems Structure/Organ Lung Function/Characteristics Passageway for air; composed of rings of _______________ to keep it from collapsing as air passes through; branches into two ______________, which further branch into the _____________________ O2 – CO2 exchange occurs in _______________ of lung and ___________________ of circulatory system Contraction causes air to rush in, inflate lungs; composed of _____________ tissue Breathing Controlled by the ____________________, which monitors the concentration of ____________ in the blood. Endocrine System Structure/Organ Function/Characteristics Secretes ______________ when blood glucose concentration is high; _____________ when blood glucose concentration is low. Secrete epinephrine (adrenaline); known as “_____________________________” hormone to give rat super-rat strength! Secretes ______________ for metabolism Master Gland – One of many hormones produced is the Human ______________ Hormone Reproductive Systems Structure/Organ scrotum/ testes vesicular glands (Also called seminal vesicles) Function/Characteristics Scrotum = sac containing testes Testes produce ____________; secrete hormone______________ Add fluid to sperm to make semen Produce, release egg cells & production of estrogen Site of embryo development; female rat has 2 uteri Passageway for sperm to come in; baby to go out