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Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ Genetics Study Guide: Chapters 11, 13, & 14 Key Concepts to Guide Your Studying (NOT ALL INCLUSIVE! This is just a starting point) What happens during each phase of Meiosis I and Meiosis II? What is nondisjunction in relation to meiosis and genetic disorders? Explain the principle of independent assortment in relation to meiosis. What did Gregor Mendel discover when he crossed a tall plant with a short plant? Explain the principle of dominance Explain the principle of segregation What is the purpose of using Punnett squares? Explain the principle of probability in terms of heredity. How to do Punnett squares vs. dihybrids (Sex-linked traits, blood types, incomplete dominance, codominance, etc…) What are some examples of incomplete dominance, polygenic inheritance, codominance, and multiple alleles in real life? What is a karyotype and why is it important? Autosome? Sex Chromosome? How many chromosomes do humans have? How many homologous pairs do humans have? Components of genetic engineering Pros/cons of genetic engineering Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ Autosomal Traits: Monohybrid Cross 5. In guinea pigs, black fur is dominant over white fur. A black guinea pig is crossed with another black guinea pig and produces 25% white guinea pigs. What are the genotypes of the parents? Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ Pokemon Dihybrid Cross Practice Blue Skin (B) is dominant to pink skin (b) Spiky tails (S) are dominant to smooth tails (s) Lightning tails (L) are dominant to straight tails (l) Red cheeks (R) are dominant to no color cheeks (r) 6. Vapereon is known for her Blue skin and spiky tail. Through genetic testing we have discovered that she is heterozygous for both conditions. If she were to mate with a male with pink skin and a smooth tail, what would their offspring look like? 7. Pikachu loves his lightning tail and red cheeks, he found out that he is homozygous for both traits. His mate is heterozygous for her lightning tail and does not have color in her cheeks. What would their offspring look like? Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ Determining Blood Types: Multiple Alleles In humans, there are four blood types: A, B, AB, and O. The alleles A and B are codominant to each other and O is the recessive. For instance, a person with the genotype AA or AO will have type A blood and a person with the genotype OO would have type O blood. Write the possible genotypes for the following phenotypes: Type A blood ________ & _________ Type B blood ________ & _________ Type AB blood _________________ Type O blood _________________ 8. You are blood type O and you marry a person with type AB. What are the possible blood types for your offspring? Show your work. 9. A man with heterozygous type B marries a woman with heterozygous type A. What are the chances of having children with type A, B or O blood? Show your work. Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ Incomplete Dominance & Codominance 10. In the following incomplete dominance relationship, birds can have blue, white, or white with blue-tipped feathers. A bird with blue feathers is crossed with a bird that has white with blue-tipped feathers. SHOW WORK!!! What are the parental genotypes? ______________________ How many of the offspring have white feathers? __________ 11. In Smiley’s, eye shape can be starred, circular, or a circle with a star. This is a codominant relationship. Show the cross between a circle-star eyed, and a circle eyed. SHOW WORK!!! What are the genotypes of the parents?___________________ How many of the offspring are circle-eyed? _______________ How many of the offspring are circle-star eyed? ___________ Sex-Linked Traits 12. In humans, colorblindness is due to the recessive allele (Xc), and normal vision is due to the dominant allele (XC). A colorblind man has children with a heterozygous normal woman. What percent of the offspring would be colorblind? _______________________________ What percent of the males would be colorblind? __________________________________ What percent of the females would be colorblind? ________________________________ Name: ____________________________________ Period _____ 13. Hemophilia is a sex-linked trait. A normal man marries a normal woman and they have a child with hemophilia. What are the genotypes of the parents? _________________________________________ What is the sex of the child with hemophilia? _________________________________ Pedigrees: The Addams Family Pedigree for Webbed Feet B = normal feet b = webbed feet 14. Is Grandpa Addams homozygous or heterozygous for normal feet? ______________________ 15. How many children of Gomez and Morticia have webbed feet? _________________________ 16. What is the possible genotype of Mother Addams? ___________________________________ 17. Predict the genotype and phenotype of New Baby Addams. G: ___________ P: ___________