Download Chapter 3 part 1: The First Israelites

Chapter 3 part 1: The First Israelites
I. The Early Israelites
-Canaan- Mediterranean Sea – today: Lebanon, Israel, & Jordan
-monotheism- 1 God
-Israelite faith became Judaism- influenced Christianity & Islam- shaped beliefs of European and American
Societies
-spoke Hebrew- history & beliefs in Hebrew Bible
-descended from Abraham- God told him to settle in Canaan & worship 1 true God
-Jacob- Abraham’s grandson- raised 12 sons- families became 12 tribes of Israel
-long drought- go to Egypt
-pharaoh enslaved Israelites- ordered boy babies thrown into Nile- pharaoh’s daughter found and raised
Moses
-Moses saw a burning bush and heard God telling him to lead the Israelites out of Egypt
-God sent 10 plagues – last plague killed all first-born except Israelites who marked doors with lamb’s blood
-pharaoh let Israelites leave
-sent solders after them- God parted Red Sea for Israelites- soldiers died
-Moses went to Mount Sinai & received Torah
-10 Commandments
II The Promised Land
-40 to reach Canaan- Moses died- Joshua took his place
-Canaanites- march around walls of Jericho for 6 days- 7th day Israelites let out shout & walls crumbled
-Joshua lead 3 more wars- land divided among 12 tribes
-Joshua dies
-Judges (usually military leader who lead 1 or 2 tribes) for leadership
-won hilly region of Canaan, Canaanites kept coastal area
-build walled towns
-Phoenicians – group of Canaanites- developed alphabet
Chapter 3 Part 2: The Kingdom of Israel
I. The Israelites Choose a King
-Philistines strongest in Canaan around 1000 B.C.- Israelites feared- copied ways & worshiped Gods
-to save religion- 12 tribes asked Samuel, a prophet, to choose a king- would not
-King Saul- God displeased- God chose King David- Samuel anointed secretly
II. David and Solomon
-David
-famous warrior- killed Goliath with slingshot
-Saul put David in charge of army; plotted to kill David
-hid until Saul and sons killed
-takes throne
-drove Philistines out & conquered other countries- building empire
-conquered people pay tribute, Israelites pay heavy taxes- expand capital in Jerusalem
-Solomon
-David’s son
-built stone temple in Jerusalem
-Solomon died- 12 tribes fight
Israel- 10 tribes to north
Judah- 2 tribes to south- capital Jerusalem- people Jews
III. A Troubled Time
-many Israelites forgot religion- prophets warned them to return to God’s law
-Israel & Judah felt threatened by Assyrians & Chaldeans (powerful empires in southwest Asia)
-Assyrians conquered Israel & dispersed 10 tribes- lose religion- called lost tribes of Israel
-Assyrians settled around Samaria- called Samaritans
-Samaritan fear God’s anger for taking Israelites land- offer sacrifices & follow Israelites religion
-people of Judah- God only accepted sacrifices from temple in Jerusalem- God’s only people
-620 B.C. Egyptians conquered Judah
-605 B.C. Chaldeans conquered Egypt
-Jews join with Egyptians to conquer Chaldeans
-King Nebuchadnezzar & Chaldeans captured Jerusalem & punished Jews- sent 10,000 Jews to Babylon,
appoint new Jewish King
-586B.
C., Jews revolt against Chaldeans- Chaldean ruler crushed Jerusalem- took king & thousands of Jews
to Babylon- Babylonian Captivity
Chapter 3 Part 3: The Growth of Judaism
I. Exile and Return
-Israelites’ exile in Babylon- religion became Judaism
-meet on Sabbath in synagogue- pray & discuss religion
-Persians defeat Chaldeans- Persian king, Cyrus, allowed Jews to return to Judah
-Persian’s control Jews in Judah-Jews look to religion for leadership- Jewish leaders became religious
scholars & writers
-Hebrew Bible- 5 books of Torah & 34 other books- Jewish history
-Genesis- creation of world, God punished people for bad behavior, Noah, explains why different languages
-book of Daniel- reminds Jews God will rescue them
-Jews, Christians, & Muslims- good will triumph over evil
II. The Jews and the Greeks
-331 B.C. Alexander the Great controlled Judah; Greek language & ways in Judah
-Diaspora- Jews who lived outside Judah
-Greek ruler Antiochus wants Jews to worship Greek gods & goddesses
-Judas Maccabeus formed army- Maccabees- fight Greeks
-Maccabees drove Greeks out of Judah- removed evidence of gods & goddesses from temple- celebrate
cleansing of temple at Hanukkah
III. The Jewish Way of Life
-Jewish laws influenced education, food, & clothes
-Sons carry on family name- head of family after death of their father
-sons learn to earn living & worship God from their fathers; taught to read Torah from religious leaders
-girls- good wives, mothers, & housekeepers; learn Jewish law
-Jews- eat certain animals (beef, lamb, & certain scaly fish)- food called kosher
-men wore tunics, caps or turbans, and sandals
-women wore dresses & covered heads with shawls; wealthy women wore shoes, makeup, & jewelry
IV. The Jews and the Romans
-63 B.C. Romans conquered Judah- renamed Judaea
-King Herod- known for cruelty
-after Herod’s death- Romans replaced Jewish kings with Roman officials
-Jews split – not as powerful
-Pharisees- supported common people
-Sadducees- did not agree with many of Pharisees’ teachings
-Essenes
-Dead Sea Scrolls probably written by Essenes and found near Dead Sea in A.D. 1947
-Jews hate Roman rule- Zealots; revolt in A.D. 66- drove Romans out of Jerusalem
-Romans regain control 4 years later- killed thousands, forced others to leave, destroyed temple of
Jerusalem- Western Wall (Wailing Wall) all that remains
-Jews revolt- Romans stopped revolt- forbade Jews to visit Jerusalem- gave Judah the name Palestinereferring to the Philistines
-Rabbis- important leaders- combined teachings of Torah with Talmud
-for 2,000 years most Jews lived outside Palestine & faced persecution
-A.D. 1948 Palestine divided- new Jewish nation of Israel