Download plant and animal cells

S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
PLANT AND ANIMAL CELLS
COMPLETE THE TABLE BELOW:
Structure
Feature
Function
Small structure found in all
Controls all cell activities
cells
Very thin barrier that
surrounds the cell
Allows entry and exit of
certain materials from
the cell
A jelly-like substance
All chemical reactions
found in animal and plant
within the cell occur here
cells
Thick outer layer of plant
cells
Provides plant cells with
support
Fluid-filled sac
Stores water and
minerals and provides
extra support for plant
Green disk-like structures
found only in green plant
cells
Trap light energy for
making food
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
USES OF MICROBES
FUNGI AND BACTERIA
Yeast cells are important to biotechnology because under the right
conditions they can convert sugars into alcohol and carbon dioxide –
this process is called fermentation.
yeast
Sugar
1. BREAD MAKING
AND
Carbon Dioxide + Alcohol
YEAST

Bakers make use of the carbon dioxide gas released during
fermentation. This gas causes the bread to rise.

As the dough heats the alcohol produced evaporates.
2. ALCOHOL PRODUCTION
AND
YEAST

The carbon dioxide can be bubbled through the alcohol to make the
‘fizz’. In other alcohols the CO2 is allowed to escape.

Alcohol levels do not generally rise above 12-15% as ethanol levels
kill the yeast. The alcohol content can only be increased with
distillation (extra).
Air lock (to allow carbon
dioxide to escape, but to keep
out unwanted microbes)
Carbon dioxide gas
The fermenter is kept
warm to encourage the
yeast to grow
Sugar + yeast + water + minerals
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
3. GASOHOL
AND
YEAST

Alcohol is produced in fermentation.

Alcohol is mixed with petrol to produce gasohol.

Gasohol is an alternative fuel.
Once alcohol is produced, petrol is added to make gasohol
4. ANTIBIOTICS
AND
FUNGI
• Antibiotics are antibacterial chemicals produced by microbes such
as fungi.
• They prevent the growth and may cause the death of other
microbes.
• Antibiotics do not work against viruses so cannot be used to treat
the cold or the flu.
• Many bacteria are now resistant to antibiotics because of overuse.
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
5. YOGHURT
AND
BACTERIA
• During the souring of milk, bacteria growing in the milk will feed on
the milk sugar (lactose) and break it down to lactic acid. This
process is called lactic acid fermentation.
Lactose

bacteria
Lactic Acid
Lactic acid makes milk curdle. The manufacture of yoghurt
depends on the curdling of milk.
6. BIOGAS
AND
BACTERIA

Some bacteria produce methane gas in conditions where oxygen
concentrations are low.

This gas is rich in chemical energy and can be burned. It is
sometimes called biogas.

Biogas can be produced from organic waste and is a gas commonly
produced by decaying rubbish.
Biogas outlet
(Methane) Gas
Waste inlet
Sludge removal
Waste and microbial cells
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School
S. Tagore 2010 Williamwood High School