* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Download National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Survey
Document related concepts
Metagenomics wikipedia , lookup
Hospital-acquired infection wikipedia , lookup
Community fingerprinting wikipedia , lookup
Trimeric autotransporter adhesin wikipedia , lookup
Bioremediation of radioactive waste wikipedia , lookup
Triclocarban wikipedia , lookup
Phospholipid-derived fatty acids wikipedia , lookup
Human microbiota wikipedia , lookup
Bacterial taxonomy wikipedia , lookup
Marine microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Microorganism wikipedia , lookup
Transcript
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Biotechnology faculty Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department “APPROVED “ Dean of faculty biotechnology _______________M.M. Dolya «______» _______________ 2015 EDUCATIONAL-METHODICAL COMPLEX from discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY) Direction of preparation 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY speciality- 6.051401 – biotechnology Faculty of biotechnology KYIV— 2015 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine Biotechnology faculty Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department "APPROVED” Dean of faculty biotechnology _______________ M.M. Dolya «_____» _______________ 2015 WORKING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY) Direction of preparation - 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY Speciality –6.051401 – Biotechnology Chair code 10.02.05 Year Semester Week number Credit number lecture, hour. Laboratory work, hour Independent work, hour Report form KYIV— 2015 2 3 17 4,1 34 34 55 test Working educational programe take down by senior lecturer Koshevsky I.I.on basis of standard educational programe for higher education establishment the ІІІІV levels of accreditation from speciality 6.051401 “Biotechnology” confirm Main Directorate of Ministry of education. Index – 6.051401 Working educational programe to establish on sub-faculty Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2015 Head of a department I.I.Koshevsky Confirm education- methodical council of faculty ” ___” ______________ 2015 MRS education- methodical council of faculty senior lecturer M.M. Dolya 1. Desсription of discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY) Branch of knowledge,training course,speciality, educational level Discipline 0514 Biotechnology Training course 6.051401-“ Biotechnology” Speciality Educational level EQL Bachelor Characteristic of discipline View Normative Total number of hours 123 Number of ECTS credits 4,1 Number semantic modules 2 Course progect (work) - (available in your curriculum) Form of control test Description of course for full-time Year of training 2 Semester 3 Lecture 16 Practical, semenars - Laboratory classes 30 Independent work 55 Individual task - Number of weekly hours 4 Classroom 4 Independent works of 3,5 students 2. Objectives of the course The purpose of this course is to provide theoretical fundamentals of microbiology, the study of the most important microbiological processes that occur in nature, particularly in soil and in the processing of agricultural raw materials in order to learn to deliberately control the activities of microorganisms for the benefit of man, practically affect certain groups of bacteria for biological improve soil fertility and crop productivity. Objectives of the course is to build students' understanding of targeted regulation of microbial processes in the soil, the main methods of quantifying and determining the microflora of soil preparation to teach students methods of microbiological analysis and processing of the results, to master the skills of practical application of microbiological agents in plant protection and agriculture, self- artificially created in the laboratory microbiological processes occurring in nature. A study of the course the student should know: morphology, taxonomy of microorganisms, metabolism, biochemical and physiological properties and ecological niches involved in biogeochemical cycles; essence of the most important microbiological processes occurring in the soil for growing of crops and contaminated with toxic substances soils; importance of microorganisms in biotechnological industries. be able to: Manage microbiological processes taking place in the soil and affect its fertility; positive impact on the livelihoods of beneficial microorganisms in agricultural crops and the production of various substances based on the industrial use of microorganisms; apply knowledge of Microbiology in the development of measures to protect crops from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases. 3. PROGRAM OF DISCIPLINE The science of microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their activities. It is concerned with their form, structure, reproduction, physiology, metabolism and identification. It includes the study of their distribution in nature, their relationship to each other and to other living things, their beneficial and detrimental effects on human being, and the physical and chemical changes they make in their environment. For the most part, microbiology deals with unicellular microscopic organisms. In the so-cold higher forms of life, organisms are composed of many cells, which constitute highly specialized tissues and organs to perform specific functions. In unicellular organisms, all the life processes are performed in a single cell. Regardless of the complexity of an organism, the cell is the true, basic unit of life. All living organisms have the capacity to respond to, and often alter, their environment. They are capable of autonomous movement, although in some forms it is slight. In the process of reproducing themselves, living things maintain a species identity, but they also have the potential to change to meet special requirements for survival The principles of biology can be demonstrated through the study of microbiology because microorganisms have many characteristics which make them the ideal model for investigation of the physiologic, genetic, and biochemical reactions that are the basis of life. They can be conveniently grown in test tubes or flasks, thus requiring less space and maintenance than large plants and animals. They grow rapidly and reproduce at an unusually high rate; some species of bacteria undergo almost 100 generations in a 24-h period. The metabolic processes of microorganisms follow patterns that occur among higher plants and animals. For example, yeasts utilize glucose in essentially the same manner as cells of mammalian tissue do; the same system of enzymes is present in these diverse organisms. The energy liberated during the breakdown of glucose is “trapped” and made available for the work to be performed by the cells, such as bacteria, yeasts, protozoa, or muscle cells. Some microorganisms, the bacteria in particular, are able to utilize a great variety of chemical substances as their energy source – substances ranging from simple inorganic material to the complex organic substrates. In microbiology we can study organisms in great detail and observe their life processes while they actively metabolizing, growing, reproducing, aging and dying. By modifying their environment we can alter metabolic activities, regulate growth, and even change some detail of their genetic pattern - all without the destroying the organism. Microorganisms have a wider range of physiological and biochemical potentialities than all other organisms combined. For example, some algae and bacteria are able to utilize atmospheric nitrogen for the synthesis of proteins and other complex organic nitrogenous compounds. Other species require inorganic or organic nitrogen compounds as the initial building blocks for their nitrogenous constituents. Some microorganisms synthesize all their vitamins, while other need to be furnish vitamins. By reviewing the nutritional requirements of a large collection of microorganisms, it is possible to arrange them from those with the simplest to those with the most complex requirements. In his presidential address to the Society of American Bacteriologists Selman A.Waksman odserved: There is no field of human endeavor, whether it bein industry or in agriculture, or in the preparation of food or in connection with problems of shelter or clothing, or in conservation of human and enimal health and the combating of disease, where the microbe does not play an important and often dominant role. The independent work is an important studying form ; it include complex of individual semester tasks for knowledge control and methodological recommendations to carry into qualified work. Semester knowledge control are carry out with using module-rating system during laboratory works and examination. CONTEST Module 1. “Common microbiology” The theme of lecture 1. The microbial world. What is a microbe? Prokaryotes and eukaryotes. The importance of microbiology. Microbiology and Biology, Groups of microorganisms, Kingdom Procaryotae after Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology, The theme of lecture 2. The evolutions of microbiology. Stage development of microbiology. The work of Leeuwenhoek’s, M. Terechovsky, L. Pasteur, E. Koch, D. Ivanovsky, S. Winogradsky and many others microbiologists. The theme of lecture 3. Characterization and Classification of Microorganisms. Prokaryote Taxonomy, Principles of Nomenclature, Classification of prokaryotes, Character used in prokaryote identification, Current classification of prokaryotes, Scientific Names of bacteria. The theme of lecture 4. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria. Prokaryote cell structure. Structures external to the cell wall, Flagella, capsules, fimbriae (pili), Structures internal to the cell wall: the cytoplasmic membrane, mesosomes, the cytoplasm and ribosomes, nuclear material, endospores. Other internal bacterial features. The theme of lecture 5. The Archaea. Classification Comparison in the Bacteria and the Eukaria, Biotechnology. The theme of lecture 6. Fungi. The yeasts. Entry, History, Classification, Growth and nutrition, Morphology, Reproduction, Uses in industrial production of alcoholic beverages, wine, beer and others products. The theme of lecture 7. Structure and organization of bacterial DNA. DNA structure, DNA conformation, DNA measurement and description, DNA packaging, Chromosomes. The theme of lecture 8. Growth bacteria in the laboratory. Grows media, Environmental conditions for grows ( temperature,oxygen concentration, pH and water activity for grows). The theme of lecture 9. Procariote growth and cell cycle. How bacteria grow, Bacteria cell cycle, Rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, Continuous culture. Techniques used to study microorganisms.Counting bacteria. The theme of lecture 10. Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis. The Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across membrane, The bacterial cell wall. Module 2. Industrial microbiology The theme of lecture 1. Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis. The theme of lecture 2. Industrial uses of yeasts. Alcohole of fermentations, Lactic acid productions. Heterotrophic pathways. High-energy compounds, Glycolysis, Alternatives to glycolysis. Fermentation. Used lactic acid in wide range of food and not food applications. The theme of lecture 3. Vinegar productions. Biosynthetic pathways. Carbohydrates, oxydation of the alcohole to acetic acid, Citric acid cycle and respiration, Penicillin production. Amino acid productions. The theme of lecture 4. Soil Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis. The theme of lecture 5. Amino acid degradation (Ammonification), Nitrification, Reduction of nitrate to ammonia, Denitrification. The theme of lecture 6. Fixation nitrogen. Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation, Symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Morphology and life cycle of nodule bacteria. Nodule formation by nonleguminous plants. The theme of lecture 7.Transformation of the Carbon Dioxide, Transformation of sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and other elements, Degradation of pesticides. The theme of lecture 8. Bacteriophage. Introduction. Structure, A typicalphage of life cycle, lysogenic life cycle, Growth and assays for phage. 4. Structura of educational discipline Title Modules and themes Number of hours 1 total lec. lab. 2 3 4 Module 1. Common microbiology The theme 1-3.The microbial world, evolutions of microbiology and classification of microorganisms. 8 2 4 The theme 4-6. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, Archaea, Fungi: The Molds. 10 4 6 The theme 7-10. Growth bacteria in the laboratory, Procariote cell cycle, Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis. 12 4 6 Total number of hours by module 1 26 10 16 Module 2. Industrial microbiology The theme 1-3. Bacterial movement and chemotaxis, Industrial uses of Yeasts, Alcochol, Lactic acid, Vinegar, productions, microorganisms, which take parts in this processes. 10 4 6 The theme 4-8. The Soil Microbiology 10 2 8 Total number of hours by module 2 20 6 14 46 16 30 Total number of hours 7. THE THEMES OF LABORATORY WORKS 1. Microbiological laboratory. Common rules for work in the microbial laboratory. Laboratory equipment. The microscopic observations of microorganisms. Blight-field microscopy. Preparations for light microscopy. 2. Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi. Wet-mount technique and handingdrop preparations of fungi and actinomycetes (genus Mucor, Aspergillus, Penicillium, Actinomyces). 3. The morphology and structure of bacteria. The general forms of bacteria. Fixed, stained smears of bacteria (genus Streptococcus, Bacillus, Bacterium). Pseudomonas, Sarcina, Methods of fixation. Use of oil- immersion in light microscopy. 4. Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique. Relative differences between gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Gram-staining of the microorganisms of tooth fur. 5. Methods of sterilization. Moist- heat and dry-heat sterilization. Steam under pressure sterilization. Autoclave, its structure. Practical procedure of autoclaving. Chemical agents for disinfection. 6. Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation. 7. Lactic acid fermentation. Microorganisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk products. 8. Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages (wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast. 9. Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes. 10. Test control. Module 1 11.Soil microorganisms. Number determination of microorganisms in soil sample. Serial-dilution technique of soil sample. Pour-plate techniques of isolating pure culture. 12.Pure cultures and cultural characteristics of soil microorganisms (agar-plate colonies, agar-streak growth, growth in nutrient broth, growth in gelatin stabs). 13. Antibiotics. Determination of test-culture susceptibility to antibiotics (penicillin, ampiox, streptomycin) by paper-disk-plate technique. 14.Plant antibiotics. Determination of antimicrobial activity of onion and garlic by agar-block technique. 15.Bacterial fertilizers. Isolation of free nitrogen fixator (Azotobacter sp) and symbiotic nitrogen fixator ( Rhizobium sp) in bacterial fertilizer sample. Determination of quality of RIZOBIN. 16.Microbial means for plant protection. Determination of number of cells (Bacillus thuringiensis) in bitoxybacillin by direct microscopy technique. 17. Test control. Module 2. 7. The Themes of laboratory work N Title the themes Hours 1 The morphology and structure of bacteria, fungi. Simple and differential staining of bacteria 6 2 The Nutrition media. The Methods of sterilization, 4 3 Alcohol, Lactic acid, Butyric acid fermentation. 6 4 Soil microorganisms, Pure cultures and cultural characteristics of soil microorganisms 4 5 Bacterial fertilizers, Antibiotics, Microbial means for plant protection 10 Total number of hours 30 10. The methods of education Explanatory- illustrative technique. Students acquire knowledge by listening to a lecture on educational or instructional materials through electronic manual in the finished forms. To obtaining the facts, conclusions they remain within the reproductive thinking. This method is used to transfer large amount of data. Reproductive method. Used in zastosuchvanni learned from sample or regulations. Activity of the learner is algorithmic, ie conform, regulation, rule, similar to the present sample situations. Problem-based teaching method. Teacher before teaching material, poses the problem, formulating cognitive task and then opening the system is proved by comparing the views, shows how different approaches to solving the problem. Students are like witnesses and accomplices in scientific research. Heuristic method. The essence of which is to organize the active solver nominated teacher cognitive tasks under the guidance of a teacher or based on heuristic programs and guidelines. The process of thinking becomes productive nature, but it gradually directs and supervises the teacher or the students on the basis of the above programs and educational books. This method, one form of which is heuristic conversation - a proven way to activate thinking, motivation to learning. Research metod. After analysis of material production problems and tasks and short oral or the written instruction of those who studed, self-study literature sources, and measurements and perform other research actions. The initiative, autonomy manifested in creativity research more full. 11. The methods of control Rating of student from mastering of discipline is determined on a 100 ball scale. It consists of rating from educational work at the evaluation of which 70 marks target, and rating, from attestation (to examination) -30 marks. Every semantic module is also estimated on a 100 ball scale. By the form of control of knowledges from the semantic module 1 is implementation of calculation work from the calculation of ground connective device on transformer substation (a task is given out every student). Semantic module 2 estimated after by the results of defense of reports from laboratory works. On rating from educational work, in decision of department, rating from additional work can influence - to 20 marks, and penalty rating (with a negative sign) -to 5 marks. Rating of student from educational work RHpis determined after a formula RHp=0.7*(R(1)om + R(2)om) , bnnpllltn R„p - -3--- +Rflp-RuJTp n (1) where R om, R(2)om - ratings estimations of 1th and 2th semantic modules on a 100-ball scale; Rip, RuiTp - rating from additional work and penalty rating. Students which collected from educational work 60 and more marks can not do examination, and get an examination estimation "Automatically", in accordance with the collected amount of marks, translated in a national estimation and estimation of ECTS. In such case rating of student from discipline of RflHc equals his rating from educational work Нdisc.= Rh с If a student wishes to promote rating and improved estimation from discipline, he must pass semester attestation - to make examination. Students, which for educational work collected less than, than 60 marks, must pass the examination. For admitting to attestation a student must collect less than 60 marks from every semantic module, but on the whole - not less than, 42 marks from educational work. Rating of student from attestation of RaT is determined on a 100-ball scale. Rating of student from discipline of Rune is calculated on a formula Rinc = RHp + 0,3 · RaT Rating of student from discipline is translated in a national estimation and estimation of ECTS. The scale of appreciate national and ECTS Rating for disciplines,marks ECTS mark National mark For examination, course work for test accepted 90 - 100 A FINE is excellent implementation only with the negligible quantity of mistakes 82-89 В VERY WELL - higher middle level with a few mistakes 74-81 С WELL - in general correct work with the certain amount of flagrant mistakes 66-73 D SATISFACTORILY - not bad, but with lots of failings 60-63 Е SUFFICIENTLY implementation satisfies minimum criteria 35-59 FX Unsatisfactorily-it is needed to work before to get a test (positive mark) Unapplied with the possibility of reassembly 01-34 F Unsatisfac torily-Serious further work is needed Fail with obligatory re-learning courses 13. Methodologies Scientific- methodological ensuring of teaching include: of state education standards, curricula, training programs from all of normative and individual teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of current and final evaluation, teaching materially for home task of students. optional subjects, training programs, production and other practices, tutorials and chief aids, instructional and teaching materials practical and laboratory works individual teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of current and final evaluation, teaching material for home work of students. 14. The list of used literature Main 1. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с. 2. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с. 3. Medigan M.T., Martinko J.M/ Parker J ( 1997) Brock Biology of Microorganisms, 8 th Edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River NJ. 4. Prescott L., Harley J.P. and Klein D.A. 91996) Microbiology, 3 rd Edn.Wm C. Brown Communication Inc., Dubuque, 1A. 5. Tortora G.J., Funke B.R.and Case C.L. (1998) Microbiology: An Introduction, 6 th End. The Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Co.,Redwood City, CA. 6. Ainsworth, G.C. and P.H.A. Sneath Microbial Classification, Cambrige, New York,1962. 7. Charles H.P., and B.C.J.G. Knight (eds.) Organization and Control in Procariotic and Eucariotic Cells, Cambridge, London, 1970. 8. Meadow P., and S.J. Pirt (eds) Microbial Growth, Cambridge, New York.1969. 9. Гусев М.В., Минеева Л.А. Микробиология. М., изд. МГУ, 1985 204 с. 10. Ежов Г.И. Руководство к практическим занятиям по сельскохозяйственной микробиологии и биохимии. М., Высшая школа, 1981, 86 с. 11. Кулік М.І. Практикум з мікробіології. Харків. 1984. ADDITIONAL 12. Вершигора А.Е. и др. Общая микробиология. – Вища школа, 1988. 13. Громов Б.В. Строение бактерий.- Л.: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1985 – 185 с. 14. Стейнер Р., Эденберг Є., Ингрем Д. Мир микробов / Пер. с английского.Мир, 1979.- т. 1-3. 15. Андреюк К., Іутинська Г.О., Антипчук А.Ф. та ін. Функціонування мікробних ценозів грунту в умовах антропогенного навантаження.- К.: Обереги, 2001.- 192 с. 16. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с. 17. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с. 17.Векірчик К.М. Мікробіологія з основами вірусології: Підручник.-К: Либідь, 2001. 312 с. 18. Koshevsky I., Kanarsky E. Bacteria and Fungi. Educational publication. Methodical instructions for carrying out laboratory work on general microbiology for the students of biotechnological specialities. Kyiv, 2012, 36 p. 15. Questions for control 1. Define the following terms: resolving power, numerical aperture, anionic dye, cationic dye. 2. What are the usual magnifications obtainable with light microscopes? 3. Distinguish between simple and differential staining procedure. 4. What is the function of oil when used with oil-immersion odjective? 5. Why is the gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in bacteriology? 6. Give some reasons why microorganisms have a wider range of physiological and biochemical potentialities than all other organisms combine. 7. Discuss the differences between procariotic and eucaryortic cell under the foloowing topics: (a) Genetic system; (b) cytoplasmic nature and structure; (c) outer cell structures. 8. What is meant by pure-culture concept? Why should we not always study microorganisms in pure culture? 9. Summarize the developments that led to the establishment of bacteriology as a science. 10.What are the usual morphological types of bacteria classified in the order Eubacteriales? 11.Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts. 12.Compare the chemistry and function of bacterial pili and flagella. 13.Is endospores formation in bacteria a method of reproduction or a means of multiplication, or other? 14.Are the position and size of the endospores in a vegetative cell of value for identification of a bacterium? Supplement your answer with specific examples. 15.What is the relationship between protoplasts, spheroplasts, and L-forms of bacteria? 16.How does the term growth as used in bacteriology differ from the same term as applied to higher plants and animal? 17.Name and describe three methods of reproduction which may occur in bacteria. 18.A fresh medium is inoculated with bacterial cells. Describe the sequence of events that follows. 19.Draw a typical bacterial growth curve and label the various phases. 20.At what stage of the bacterial growth curve do the cells increase markedly in size? Explain. 21.Compare the direct and indirect methods for estimating bacterial population on the basis of (a) practical applications, (b) advantages, and (c) limitation of use. 22.Distinguish between the meanings of the term pure culture, mixed culture. 23.Give several reasons why industrial companies maintain large culture collections. 24.What general features should be observed in establishing the colonial characteristics of a species? 25.Outline a laboratory procedure for isolating bacteria capable of digesting cellulose. 26.List the conditions that influence the microbial population of soil. 27.If a soil sample is plated on nutrient agar, will the resulting colony count be indicative of a total microbial population? Explain. 28.What is meant by the term mineralization? Give any example. 29.How may the process of nitrogen fixation be determined experimentally? 30.What changes do soil microorganisms cause on phosphorus and phosphorus compounds? Form №H-5.05 National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine Faculty Biotecnology Educational – Qalificational level Bachelor Semester, course 3 Semester 2 course Educational Subject Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology) Confirm on department Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013 Head of a department Koshevsky I.I. Examiner Koshevsky I.I. Ticket № 1 Question 1. Call bacteria whose coloni show on picture Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of bacterial cell by methylen blue ist, min word 1 1 2 3 3 5 4 7 5 9 Question 2 What bacteria has the more active ability for transformation of urea in the soil . Question 9.Basis morphological peculiarity of procariote is 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 Rod form 2 Sporosarcina uerae 2 Endospore forming 3 Pseudomonas fluorescens 3 Have capsule 4 Azotobacter agilis 4 Absence of nuclear 5 Beggiatoria alba 5 Movement Question 3. What is a toxical substance forming at destraction of amino acids . Question 10 What is the difference between bacillus and bacteria ? 1 1 Alcochol Presence of flagella 2 Indol 2 The form of flagella 3 Scatol 3 Reproduction 4 Ammonia 4 Presence of endospore 5 Cadaverin 5 Presence of nucleous Question 4. Explainwhy some species of Question 11What generalizations can be cocci appear as chains A ? but others appear incuboidal forms B..? made whith respect to A morphology and 1 Monococcus 1 Spore formation 2 Tetracoccus 2 motility 3 Sarcina 3 Gram reactions 4 Streptococcus 5 Diplococcus Question 5.In what compound of cell the sulphur is present Question 12 Main structure elements of proteini are 1 Alanin 1 Phosphoruc acids 2 Metionin 2 Benzoic acid 3 Prolin 3 Amino acids 4 Arginin 4 АТP 5 Valin 5 DNA Question 6 Reducing sulphur microorganisms to substance by Question 13 The role of nucleoid in bacterial cel, for 1 FeS 1 Rest 2 H2S 2 Herediti 3 Na2SO4 3 Reproduction 4 K2SO4 4 Germination 5 (NH4)2SO4 5 Moving Question 7 Bacteria has ability for perfoming phosphorus very well. Question 14 What is the morphological group of staphylococcus 1 Micrococcus ureae 1 Rodlike 2 Sporosarcina ureae 2 Spiral 3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 Spherical 4 Bacillus megaterium 4 Bacillus 5 Bacillus polymyxa 5 Helical Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell 1 Fimbriae 1 Germination 2 Flagella 2 Movement 3 Nucleous acid 3 Rest 4 Basal body 4 Conjgation 5 membrane 5 Vitamines Question 17 Where is sulphur in the cell Question 24 What is the cytoplasme 1 Ascorbic acid 1 Nuclear substance 2 Tiamin 2 Compositions of cell 3 pectin 3 enzimes 4 Vitamines 4 Vitamines 5 Auxins 5 Proteines Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans – consist to morphologicalgroup of bacteria Question 25 Compositions of nuclear substance 1 Sarcine 1 Proteines 2 Diplococcus 2 Benzoic acid 3 Rodlike 3 Peptones 4 Streptococcus 4 Vitamines 5 Nucleous acid 5 Spiral Question 19 Give characteristics of streptococcus. Question 26 What bacteria have the comma form ? 1 Singular 1 Vibrions 2 Plural 2 Sarcine 3 In pairs 3 Streptococcus 4 Spiral 4 Spiral 5 In chains 5 Streptococcus Question 20. Who is the first investigate bacteria from genera Question 27 How much vinegar we can Rhizobium resive from 1 L grape vine 1 Omelyansky 1 600 г 2 Koch 2 500 г 3 Paster 3 200 г 4 Voronin 4 400 г 5 Bejerinc 5 100 г Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in tissue and forme nodules, what is it . Question 28 How many flagellum have monoflagella 1 Resistance 1 Two 2 Comensalizm 2 Three 3 Virulence 3 Four 4 Metabolizm 4 Five 5 Amensalizm 5 One Question 22 What structure in bacterial cell forme proteine Question 29 Main bacteria which may productions of antibiotics 1 Nucleois 1 Streptomyces spp. 2 Ribosome 2 Azotobacter spp. 3 Membrane 3 Penicillium spp. 4 Flagella 4 Aspergillus spp. 5 Plasmida 5 Pseudomonas spp. Question 23 Call the science which study algae Question 30 Main function the spore of fungi 1 Entomology 1 Movement 2 Phytopathology 2 Conjgation 3 Virology 3 Germination 4 Algology 4 Rest 5 Mycology 5 Protection Form №H-5.05 National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine Faculty Biotecnology Educational – Qalificational Level Bachelor Semester, course 3 Semester 2 course Educational Subject Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology) Confirm on department Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013 Head of a department Koshevsky I.I. Examiner Koshevsky I.I. Ticket № 3 Question 1. Call what is it A…? What bacteria ? Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of bacterial cell by methylen blue ist, min 1 Ccoloni 1 1 2 Cace 2 3 3 Stafilococcus 3 7 4 Sarcina 4 5 5 Escherichia 5 2 Question 2 What bacteria has the more active ability for transformation of urea in the soil Question 9.Basis morphological peculiarity of procariote is 1 Pseudomonas aeruginosa 1 Rod form 2 Pseudomonas fluorescens 2 Endospore forming 3 Sporosarcina uerae 3 Have capsule 4 Azotobacter agilis 4 Movement 5 Beggiatoria alba 5 Absence of nuclear Question 3. What is a toxical substance forming at destraction of amino acids Question 10 What is the difference between bacillus and bacteria ? 1 Cadaverin 1 Presence of flagella 2 Indol 2 The form of flagella 3 Scatol 3 Reproduction 4 Ammonia 4 Presence of nucleous 5 Alcochol 5 Presence of endospore Question 4. What enzymes has ability for destroying of nuclear acids Question 11 Function of volutiin, sulphur in bacterial cells is 1 Hydrolase 1 Protein synthese 2 Ribonuclease 2 Catalist 3 Polyphenoloxidase 3 Vitamines 4 Urease 4 Reserve elements 5 Peroxidase 5 Proteines Question 5.In what compound of cell the sulphur is present Question 12 Main structure elements of proteini are 1 Alanin 1 Phosphoruc acids 2 Prolin 2 Benzoic acid 3 Metionin 3 АТP 4 Arginin 4 Amino acids 5 Valin 5 DNA Question 6 Reducing sulphur microorganisms to substance by Question 13 The role of nucleoid in bacterial cel, for 1 FeS 1 Rest 2 Na2SO4 2 Reproduction 3 H2S 3 Herediti 4 K2SO4 4 Germination 5 (NH4)2SO4 5 Moving Question 7 Bacteria has ability for perfoming phosphorus very well. Question 14 What is the morphological group of staphylococcus 1 Micrococcus ureae 1 Rodlike 2 Sporosarcina ureae 2 Spiral 3 Saccharomyces cerevisiae 3 Bacillus 4 Bacillus polymyxa 4 Spherical 5 Bacillus megaterium 5 Helical Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell 1 Fimbriae 1 Germination 2 Flagella 2 Movement 3 Basal body 3 Rest 4 Nucleous acid 4 Vitamines C 5 membrane 5 Conjugation . Question 17 Where is sulphur in the cell . Question 24 What is the cytoplasme 1 Ascorbic acid 1 Nuclear substance 2 Pectin 2 Enzymes 3 Tiamin 3 Compositions of cell 4 Vitamines 4 Vitamines 5 Auxins 5 Proteines Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans – consist to morphologicalgroup of bacteria Question 25 Compositions of nuclear substance 1 Sarcine 1 Nucleous acid 2 Diplococcus 2 Benzoic acid 3 Rodlike 3 Peptones 4 Streptococcus 4 Vitamines 5 Proteines 5 Spiral Question 19 Give characteristics of streptococcus. Question 26 What bacteria have the comma form ? 1 In chains 1 Sarcine 2 Plural 2 Vibrions 3 In pairs 3 Streptococcus 4 Spiral 4 Spiral 5 Singular 5 Streptococcus Question 20. Who is the first investigate bacteria from genera Rhizobium Question 27 How much vinegar we can resive from 1 L grape vine 1 1 Bejerinc 600 г 2 Koch 2 500 г 3 Paster 3 200 г 4 Voronin 4 400 г 5 Omelyansky 5 100 г Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in tissue and forme nodules, what is it Question 28 How many flagellum have monoflagella 1 Resistance 1 Two 2 Comensalizm 2 Three 3 Metabolizm 3 Five 4 Virulence 4 Four 5 Amensalizm 5 One Question 22 What structure in bacterial cell forme proteine . Question 29 Main bacteria which may productions of antibiotics 1 Nucleois 1 Azotobacter spp 2 Membrane 2 . Streptomyces spp. 3 Ribosome 3 Penicillium spp. 4 Flagella 4 Aspergillus spp. 5 Plasmida 5 Pseudomonas spp. Question 23 Call the science which study algae . Question 30 Main function of spore of fungi 1 Entomology 1 Movement 2 Phytopathology 2 Conjgation 3 Virology 3 Rest 4 Mycology 4 Germination 5 Algology 5 Protection National University of Life Ф-7.5-2.1.8-04 and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine The structurally- logical scheme of discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (microbiology) Discepline and its parts, which are using knowledge of this discipline Module 1 Module 2 І І І І Biotech nology, Production; amino-acids, yeasts,lactic acid, vinegar, bear, citric acid, vine, antibiotics, lysine, І І І І Plant protection,bacteri al pesticide, antibiotics, resistance and immunity, infections diseases of plants. I І I І Ecology mutualism, commensalisms, antagonism, I І I І Agricult ural science: parasitism, microbial transformatio n of nitrogen and carbone compounds, sulfate, interactions as natural cellulose, pesticides, phenomena in ecosystems. phosphorus, Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine CALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL WORK from discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı ( MICROBIOLOGY) Direction 0514 – biotechnology Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology 3 Semester 2013-2014 M o n t h W e e k "CONFIRM” Dean of faculty biotechnology ________Ju.V.Kolomiets «_____» _______________ 2013 Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I. Week number 17 Lecture, hour 34 Laboratory work, hour 34 Independent work, hour 55 Total number of hours 123 H o u r Lecture Laboratory work H o u r Module 1 1 1 The microbial world. What is a microbe? 2 The microscopic, methods observations microorganism by microscope 4 4 The general forms of bacteria. fixed, stained smears of bacteria 2 evolution of microbiology, importance of microbiology, methods microbial. 1 2 Classification of microorganisms: Methods of fixation microorganisms. Current classification of prokaryotes, fungus, micoplasms 1 3 The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, endospore in the cell. 2 Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique. 2 1 4 Procariote growth and cell cycle, rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, continuous culture 2 The morphology and structure of bacteria. (coccus, rods, sarcina, streptococcus, 4 staphylococcus 2 5 6 Heterotrophic pathways Citric acid cycle and respiration, fermentation 4 Oral examination 2 Biosyntheticpathways. arbohydrates, Amino acids, Nucleic acids, Lipids. 2 7 8 Structure and organization of DNA conformation, DNA measurement and description, Chromosome RNA molecules in the cell. Structure of RNA Catalytic RNA molecules. 4 Pure cultures and cultural charac-teristics of soil microorganisms (agar-plate colonies, agar-streak growth, growth in nutrient broth, growth in gelatin stabs). 4 2 Methods of sterilization. Moist- heat and dry-heat sterilization 2 Module 2 3 1 The Archaea. Comparison in the Bacteria and the Eukaria, Biotech-nology. 3 2 Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis 2 Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation. 2 3 3 Growth in the laboratory. Growth media. Solid and liquid media. Ingre-dients of media. 2 Lactic acid fermentation. Microorga-nisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk products. 4 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 2 Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes. 2 Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis, The Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across membrane, The bacterial cell wall. Bacteriophage, structure, life cycle, lysogenic life cycle. 4 1 4 Soil 2 Microbiology. The microbiota of the 3soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, 4 Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis, Amino acid degradation 2 Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages (wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast. 2 6 Soil microorganisms. Number determination of microorganisms in soil 4 Oral examination Lecturer Results of controle calendar plan sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I. Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05 National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine CALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL WORK for extra-mural student EQL Bachelor from discipline BASIS "CONFIRM” Dean of faculty biotechnology ________Ju.V.Kolomiets MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı ( MICROBIOLOGY) Direction 0514 – biotechnology Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology 3 Semester 2013-2014 Week number Lecture, hour 6 Laboratory work, hour 6 Independent work, hour 120 Total number of hours 132 W e e k «_____» _______________ 2013 Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I. H o u r Lecture Laboratory work H o u r Module 1 1 The microbial world. What is a 0,5 microbe? evolution of microbiology, importance of microbiology, The microscopic, methods observations microorganism by microscope 0, 5 The general forms of bacteria. fixed, stained smears of bacteria Methods 0, 5 methods microbial. 2 Classification of microorganisms: 1 Current classification of prokaryotes, fungus, micoplasms 3 The morphology and fine structure of bacteria, endospore in the cell. 4 Procariote growth and cell cycle, rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, continuous culture of fixation microorganisms. 0,5 0 , 5 Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining technique. 1 The morphology and structure of bacteria. (coccus, rods, sarcina, streptococcus, staphylococcus 0, 5 Module 2 1 Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis 1 Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meatpeptone agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation. 0, 5 2 Growth in the laboratory. Growth media. Solid and liquid media. Ingre-dients of media. 1 Lactic acid fermentation. Microorga-nisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk products. 1 3 Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis, The Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across membrane, The bacterial cell wall. 0, 5 Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes. 0, 5 Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts in the production of alcoholic beverages (wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast. 0, 5 Soil microorganisms. Number determination of microorganisms in soil 1 Bacteriophage, structure, life cycle, lysogenic life cycle. Soil 4 Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis, Amino acid degradation 1 Oral examination Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I. Results of controle calendar plan Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky Ф-7.5-2.1.8-0.3 The report Coordination of the working program of discipline “basis microbiology and virology” whis others disciplines (speciality) 6.092 900 “ biotechnology” Discipli Surname,the initials, Th Discipline Surname,the initials, The ne and scientific degree and its academic status of section the teacher which s, teaches the which previous discipline preced e Studying of the given discipline Botan y Prof. e sig nat ure and its sections, in which materials of the given scientific degree and academic status of the teacher which teaches the following discipline discipline are used Ecology of microorganisms Doc.Fedele sh M.I. Jacubenko B.E. Cell biolog y Doc. Marchenk o O. A. Phytopath o Bioch emistry Doc Boyko O.L Agricultur Prof. Balaev A.D. al science logy Doc. Antonenko A.F. sign atur e