Download National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine

National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Biotechnology faculty
Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department
“APPROVED “
Dean of faculty biotechnology
_______________M.M. Dolya
«______» _______________ 2015
EDUCATIONAL-METHODICAL COMPLEX
from discipline
BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı
(MICROBIOLOGY)
Direction of preparation 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY
speciality- 6.051401 – biotechnology
Faculty of biotechnology
KYIV— 2015
National University of Life and Environmental Sciences of
Ukraine
Biotechnology faculty
Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety department
"APPROVED”
Dean of faculty biotechnology
_______________ M.M. Dolya
«_____» _______________ 2015
WORKING EDUCATIONAL PROGRAM
discipline
BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı
(MICROBIOLOGY)
Direction of preparation - 0514 BIOTECHNOLOGY
Speciality –6.051401 – Biotechnology
Chair code 10.02.05
Year
Semester
Week number
Credit number
lecture, hour.
Laboratory work, hour
Independent work, hour
Report form
KYIV— 2015
2
3
17
4,1
34
34
55
test
Working educational programe take down by senior lecturer Koshevsky I.I.on
basis of standard educational programe for higher education establishment the ІІІІV levels of accreditation from speciality 6.051401 “Biotechnology” confirm Main
Directorate of Ministry of education.
Index – 6.051401
Working educational programe to establish on sub-faculty Molecular biology,
microbiology and biosafety department
Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2015
Head of a department
I.I.Koshevsky
Confirm education- methodical council of faculty
” ___” ______________ 2015
MRS education- methodical
council of faculty senior lecturer
M.M. Dolya
1. Desсription of discipline
BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (MICROBIOLOGY)
Branch of knowledge,training course,speciality, educational level
Discipline
0514 Biotechnology
Training course
6.051401-“ Biotechnology”
Speciality
Educational level
EQL Bachelor
Characteristic of discipline
View
Normative
Total number of hours
123
Number of ECTS credits
4,1
Number semantic modules
2
Course progect (work)
-
(available in your curriculum)
Form of control
test
Description of course for full-time
Year of training
2
Semester
3
Lecture
16
Practical, semenars
-
Laboratory classes
30
Independent work
55
Individual task
-
Number of weekly hours
4
Classroom
4
Independent works of
3,5
students
2. Objectives of the course
The purpose of this course is to provide theoretical fundamentals of microbiology,
the study of the most important microbiological processes that occur in nature,
particularly in soil and in the processing of agricultural raw materials in order to
learn to deliberately control the activities of microorganisms for the benefit of man,
practically affect certain groups of bacteria for biological improve soil fertility
and crop productivity.
Objectives of the course is to build students' understanding of targeted regulation
of microbial processes in the soil, the main methods of quantifying and
determining the microflora of soil preparation to teach students methods of
microbiological analysis and processing of the results, to master the skills of
practical application of microbiological agents in plant protection and agriculture,
self- artificially created in the laboratory microbiological processes occurring in
nature.
A study of the course the student should know:

morphology, taxonomy of microorganisms, metabolism, biochemical and
physiological properties and ecological niches involved in biogeochemical
cycles;

essence of the most important microbiological processes occurring in the
soil for growing of crops and contaminated with toxic substances soils;
 importance of microorganisms in biotechnological industries.

be able to:

Manage microbiological processes taking place in the soil and affect its
fertility;

positive impact on the livelihoods of beneficial microorganisms in
agricultural crops and the production of various substances based on the
industrial use of microorganisms;

apply knowledge of Microbiology in the development of measures to
protect crops from fungal, bacterial and viral diseases.
3. PROGRAM OF DISCIPLINE
The science of microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their activities.
It is concerned with their form, structure, reproduction, physiology, metabolism
and identification. It includes the study of their distribution in nature, their
relationship to each other and to other living things, their beneficial and
detrimental effects on human being, and the physical and chemical changes they
make in their environment.
For the most part, microbiology deals with unicellular microscopic organisms. In
the so-cold higher forms of life, organisms are composed of many cells, which
constitute highly specialized tissues and organs to perform specific functions. In
unicellular organisms, all the life processes are performed in a single cell.
Regardless of the complexity of an organism, the cell is the true, basic unit of life.
All living organisms have the capacity to respond to, and often alter, their
environment. They are capable of autonomous movement, although in some forms
it is slight. In the process of reproducing themselves, living things maintain a
species identity, but they also have the potential to change to meet special
requirements for survival
The principles of biology can be demonstrated through the study of microbiology
because microorganisms have many characteristics which make them the ideal
model for investigation of the physiologic, genetic, and biochemical reactions that
are the basis of life. They can be conveniently grown in test tubes or flasks, thus
requiring less space and maintenance than large plants and animals. They grow
rapidly and reproduce at an unusually high rate; some species of bacteria undergo
almost 100 generations in a 24-h period. The metabolic processes of
microorganisms follow patterns that occur among higher plants and animals. For
example, yeasts utilize glucose in essentially the same manner as cells of
mammalian tissue do; the same system of enzymes is present in these diverse
organisms. The energy liberated during the breakdown of glucose is “trapped” and
made available for the work to be performed by the cells, such as bacteria, yeasts,
protozoa, or muscle cells.
Some microorganisms, the bacteria in particular, are able to utilize a great variety
of chemical substances as their energy source – substances ranging from simple
inorganic material to the complex organic substrates.
In microbiology we can study organisms in great detail and observe their life
processes while they actively metabolizing, growing, reproducing, aging and
dying. By modifying their environment we can alter metabolic activities, regulate
growth, and even change some detail of their genetic pattern - all without the
destroying the organism.
Microorganisms have a wider range of physiological and biochemical
potentialities than all other organisms combined. For example, some algae and
bacteria are able to utilize atmospheric nitrogen for the synthesis of proteins and
other complex organic nitrogenous compounds. Other species require inorganic or
organic nitrogen compounds as the initial building blocks for their nitrogenous
constituents. Some microorganisms synthesize all their vitamins, while other need
to be
furnish vitamins. By reviewing the nutritional requirements of a large
collection of microorganisms, it is possible to arrange them from those with the
simplest to those with the most complex requirements.
In his presidential address to the Society of American Bacteriologists Selman
A.Waksman odserved:
There is no field of human endeavor, whether it bein industry or in agriculture, or
in the preparation of food or in connection with problems of shelter or clothing, or
in conservation of human and enimal health and the combating of disease, where
the microbe does not play an important and often dominant role.
The independent work is an important studying form ; it include complex of
individual semester tasks for
knowledge control and methodological
recommendations to carry into qualified work.
Semester knowledge control are carry out
with using module-rating system
during laboratory works and examination.
CONTEST
Module 1. “Common microbiology”
The theme of lecture 1. The microbial world. What is a microbe? Prokaryotes
and eukaryotes. The importance of microbiology. Microbiology and
Biology, Groups of microorganisms, Kingdom Procaryotae after
Bergey’s Manual of Determinative Bacteriology,
The theme of lecture 2. The evolutions of microbiology. Stage development of
microbiology. The work of Leeuwenhoek’s, M. Terechovsky, L. Pasteur,
E.
Koch,
D.
Ivanovsky,
S.
Winogradsky
and
many
others
microbiologists.
The theme of lecture 3. Characterization and Classification of Microorganisms.
Prokaryote Taxonomy, Principles of Nomenclature, Classification of
prokaryotes, Character used in prokaryote identification, Current
classification of prokaryotes, Scientific Names of bacteria.
The theme of lecture 4. The morphology and fine structure of bacteria. Prokaryote
cell structure. Structures external to the cell wall, Flagella, capsules,
fimbriae (pili), Structures internal to the cell wall: the cytoplasmic
membrane, mesosomes, the cytoplasm and ribosomes, nuclear material,
endospores. Other internal bacterial features.
The theme of lecture 5. The Archaea. Classification Comparison in the Bacteria
and the Eukaria, Biotechnology.
The theme of lecture 6. Fungi. The yeasts. Entry, History, Classification, Growth
and nutrition, Morphology, Reproduction, Uses in industrial production
of alcoholic beverages, wine, beer and others products.
The theme of lecture 7. Structure and organization of bacterial DNA. DNA
structure, DNA conformation, DNA measurement and description, DNA
packaging, Chromosomes.
The theme of lecture 8. Growth bacteria in the laboratory. Grows media,
Environmental conditions for grows ( temperature,oxygen concentration, pH
and water activity for grows).
The theme of lecture 9. Procariote growth and cell cycle. How bacteria grow,
Bacteria cell cycle, Rapid growth, the bacterial growth curve, Continuous culture.
Techniques used to study microorganisms.Counting bacteria.
The theme of lecture 10. Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall synthesis. The
Gram stain, Lipid bilayer, Cytoplasmic membrane, Transport across
membrane, The bacterial cell wall.
Module 2. Industrial microbiology
The theme of lecture 1. Bacterial movement and chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella
structure, Flagella movement, Chemotaxis.
The theme of lecture 2. Industrial uses of yeasts. Alcohole of fermentations,
Lactic acid productions.
Heterotrophic pathways. High-energy
compounds, Glycolysis, Alternatives to glycolysis. Fermentation. Used
lactic acid in wide range of food and not food applications.
The theme of lecture 3. Vinegar productions. Biosynthetic pathways.
Carbohydrates, oxydation of the alcohole to acetic acid, Citric acid cycle
and respiration, Penicillin production. Amino acid productions.
The theme of lecture 4. Soil Microbiology. The microbiota of the soil: Bacteria,
Fungi, Algae, Protozoa, Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis.
The theme of lecture 5. Amino acid degradation (Ammonification), Nitrification,
Reduction of nitrate to ammonia, Denitrification.
The theme of lecture 6. Fixation nitrogen. Nonsymbiotic nitrogen fixation,
Symbiotic nitrogen fixation. Morphology and life cycle of nodule bacteria. Nodule
formation by nonleguminous plants.
The theme of lecture 7.Transformation of the Carbon Dioxide, Transformation of
sulfur compounds, phosphorus compounds and other elements, Degradation of
pesticides.
The theme of lecture 8. Bacteriophage. Introduction. Structure, A typicalphage
of life cycle, lysogenic life cycle, Growth and assays for phage.
4. Structura of educational discipline
Title Modules and themes
Number of hours
1
total
lec.
lab.
2
3
4
Module 1. Common microbiology
The theme 1-3.The microbial world,
evolutions of microbiology and
classification of microorganisms.
8
2
4
The theme 4-6. The morphology and
fine structure of bacteria, Archaea,
Fungi: The Molds.
10
4
6
The theme 7-10. Growth bacteria in
the laboratory, Procariote cell cycle,
Bacterial cell envelope and cell wall
synthesis.
12
4
6
Total number of hours by module 1
26
10
16
Module 2. Industrial microbiology
The theme 1-3. Bacterial movement
and chemotaxis, Industrial uses of
Yeasts, Alcochol, Lactic acid, Vinegar,
productions, microorganisms, which
take parts in this processes.
10
4
6
The theme 4-8. The Soil Microbiology
10
2
8
Total number of hours by module 2
20
6
14
46
16
30
Total number of hours
7. THE THEMES OF LABORATORY WORKS
1. Microbiological laboratory. Common rules for work in the microbial
laboratory.
Laboratory equipment. The microscopic observations of
microorganisms. Blight-field microscopy. Preparations for light microscopy.
2. Distinguishing characteristics of Fungi. Wet-mount technique and handingdrop preparations of fungi and actinomycetes (genus Mucor, Aspergillus,
Penicillium, Actinomyces).
3. The morphology and structure of bacteria. The general forms of bacteria.
Fixed, stained smears of bacteria (genus
Streptococcus, Bacillus, Bacterium).
Pseudomonas, Sarcina,
Methods of fixation. Use of oil-
immersion in light microscopy.
4. Simple and differential staining. Gram-staining
technique. Relative
differences between gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms.
Gram-staining of the microorganisms of tooth fur.
5. Methods of sterilization. Moist- heat and dry-heat sterilization. Steam under
pressure
sterilization. Autoclave, its structure. Practical procedure of
autoclaving. Chemical agents for disinfection.
6. Nutrition media. Ingredients of media. Solid and liquid media. Meat-peptone
agar preparation. Beef-extract preparation.
7. Lactic acid fermentation. Microorganisms of fermented milk (Bulgarian
milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt, kefir). Acid producers are present in milk
products.
8. Alcohol fermentation .Yeasts
in the production of alcoholic beverages
(wine Saccharomyces ellipsoids, beer S. cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast.
9. Butyric acid fermentation and the role of bacteria genus Clostridium sp. in
this processes. Pathogenic clostridia and food spoiling processes.
10. Test control. Module 1
11.Soil microorganisms. Number determination of microorganisms in soil
sample. Serial-dilution technique of soil sample. Pour-plate techniques of
isolating pure culture.
12.Pure cultures and cultural characteristics of soil microorganisms (agar-plate
colonies, agar-streak growth, growth in nutrient broth, growth in gelatin
stabs).
13. Antibiotics. Determination of test-culture susceptibility to antibiotics
(penicillin, ampiox, streptomycin) by paper-disk-plate technique.
14.Plant antibiotics. Determination of antimicrobial activity of onion and garlic
by agar-block technique.
15.Bacterial fertilizers. Isolation of free nitrogen fixator (Azotobacter sp) and
symbiotic nitrogen fixator ( Rhizobium sp) in bacterial fertilizer sample.
Determination of quality of RIZOBIN.
16.Microbial means for plant protection. Determination of number of cells
(Bacillus thuringiensis) in bitoxybacillin by direct microscopy technique.
17. Test control. Module 2.
7. The Themes of laboratory work
N
Title the themes
Hours
1
The morphology and structure of bacteria, fungi.
Simple and differential staining of bacteria
6
2
The Nutrition media. The Methods of sterilization,
4
3
Alcohol, Lactic acid, Butyric acid fermentation.
6
4
Soil microorganisms, Pure cultures and cultural
characteristics of soil microorganisms
4
5
Bacterial fertilizers, Antibiotics, Microbial means for
plant protection
10
Total number of hours
30
10. The methods of education
Explanatory- illustrative technique. Students acquire knowledge by listening to a
lecture on educational or instructional materials through electronic manual in the
finished forms. To obtaining the facts, conclusions they remain within the
reproductive thinking. This method is used to transfer large amount of data.
Reproductive method. Used in zastosuchvanni learned from sample or regulations.
Activity of the learner is algorithmic, ie conform, regulation, rule, similar to the
present sample situations.
Problem-based teaching method. Teacher before teaching material, poses the
problem, formulating cognitive task and then opening the system is proved by
comparing the views, shows how different approaches to solving the problem.
Students are like witnesses and accomplices in scientific research.
Heuristic method. The essence of which is to organize the active solver nominated
teacher cognitive tasks under the guidance of a teacher or based on heuristic
programs and guidelines. The process of thinking becomes productive nature, but it
gradually directs and supervises the teacher or the students on the basis of the
above programs and educational books. This method, one form of which is
heuristic conversation - a proven way to activate thinking, motivation to learning.
Research metod. After analysis of material production problems and tasks and
short oral or the written instruction of those who studed, self-study literature
sources, and measurements and perform other research actions. The initiative,
autonomy manifested in creativity research more full.
11. The methods of control
Rating of student from mastering of discipline is determined on a 100 ball scale. It
consists of rating from educational work at the evaluation of which 70 marks
target, and rating, from attestation (to examination) -30 marks. Every semantic
module is also estimated on a 100 ball scale. By the form of control of knowledges
from the semantic module 1 is implementation of calculation work from the
calculation of ground connective device on transformer substation (a task is given
out every student). Semantic module 2 estimated after by the results of defense of
reports from laboratory works.
On rating from educational work, in decision of department, rating from additional
work can influence - to 20 marks, and penalty rating (with a negative sign) -to 5
marks.
Rating of student from educational work RHpis determined after a formula
RHp=0.7*(R(1)om + R(2)om) , bnnpllltn R„p - -3--- +Rflp-RuJTp
n
(1)
where R om, R(2)om - ratings estimations of 1th and 2th semantic modules on a
100-ball scale;
Rip, RuiTp - rating from additional work and penalty rating.
Students which collected from educational work 60 and more marks can not do
examination, and get an examination estimation "Automatically", in accordance
with the collected amount of marks, translated in a national estimation and
estimation of ECTS. In such case rating of student from discipline of RflHc equals
his rating from educational work
Нdisc.= Rh с
If a student wishes to promote rating and improved estimation from discipline, he
must pass semester attestation - to make examination. Students, which for
educational work collected less than, than 60 marks, must pass the examination.
For admitting to attestation a student must collect less than 60 marks from every
semantic module, but on the whole - not less than, 42 marks from educational
work.
Rating of student from attestation of RaT is determined on a 100-ball scale.
Rating of student from discipline of Rune is calculated on a formula
Rinc = RHp + 0,3 · RaT
Rating of student from discipline is translated in a national estimation and
estimation of ECTS.
The scale of appreciate national and ECTS
Rating for
disciplines,marks
ECTS
mark
National mark
For examination, course
work
for test
accepted
90 - 100
A
FINE is excellent
implementation only with the
negligible quantity of
mistakes
82-89
В
VERY WELL - higher
middle level with a few
mistakes
74-81
С
WELL - in general correct
work with the certain
amount of flagrant mistakes
66-73
D
SATISFACTORILY - not
bad, but with lots of failings
60-63
Е
SUFFICIENTLY implementation satisfies
minimum criteria
35-59
FX
Unsatisfactorily-it is needed
to work before to get a test
(positive mark)
Unapplied
with the
possibility
of reassembly
01-34
F
Unsatisfac torily-Serious
further work is needed
Fail with
obligatory
re-learning
courses
13. Methodologies
Scientific- methodological ensuring of teaching include: of state education
standards, curricula, training programs from all of normative and individual
teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of
current and final evaluation, teaching materially for home task of students. optional
subjects, training programs, production and other practices, tutorials and chief aids,
instructional and teaching materials practical and laboratory works individual
teaching and research tasks, test papers, test and tests for electronic versions of
current and final evaluation, teaching material for home work of students.
14. The list of used literature
Main
1. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с.
2. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с.
3. Medigan M.T., Martinko J.M/ Parker J ( 1997) Brock Biology of Microorganisms,
8 th Edn. Prentice-Hall Inc., Upper Saddle River NJ.
4. Prescott L., Harley J.P. and Klein D.A. 91996) Microbiology, 3 rd Edn.Wm C.
Brown Communication Inc., Dubuque, 1A.
5. Tortora G.J., Funke B.R.and Case C.L. (1998) Microbiology: An Introduction, 6
th End. The Benjamin- Cummings Publishing Co.,Redwood City, CA.
6. Ainsworth, G.C. and P.H.A. Sneath Microbial Classification, Cambrige, New
York,1962.
7. Charles H.P., and B.C.J.G. Knight (eds.) Organization and Control in Procariotic
and Eucariotic Cells, Cambridge, London, 1970.
8. Meadow P., and S.J. Pirt (eds) Microbial Growth, Cambridge, New York.1969.
9. Гусев М.В., Минеева Л.А. Микробиология. М., изд. МГУ, 1985 204 с.
10. Ежов Г.И. Руководство к практическим занятиям по
сельскохозяйственной микробиологии и биохимии. М., Высшая школа, 1981,
86 с.
11. Кулік М.І. Практикум з мікробіології. Харків. 1984.
ADDITIONAL
12. Вершигора А.Е. и др. Общая микробиология. – Вища школа, 1988.
13. Громов Б.В. Строение бактерий.- Л.: Изд-во ЛГУ, 1985 – 185 с.
14. Стейнер Р., Эденберг Є., Ингрем Д. Мир микробов / Пер. с английского.Мир, 1979.- т. 1-3.
15. Андреюк К., Іутинська Г.О., Антипчук А.Ф. та ін. Функціонування
мікробних ценозів грунту в умовах антропогенного навантаження.- К.:
Обереги, 2001.- 192 с.
16. Пирог Т.П. Загальна мікробіологія: Підручник – Київ, НУХТ, 2004, 471с.
17. Мишустин Е.Н., Емцев В.Т. Микробиология. М.,”Колос” 1987. 367 с.
17.Векірчик К.М. Мікробіологія з основами вірусології: Підручник.-К:
Либідь, 2001. 312 с.
18. Koshevsky I., Kanarsky E. Bacteria and Fungi. Educational publication.
Methodical instructions for carrying out laboratory work on general microbiology
for the students of biotechnological specialities. Kyiv, 2012, 36 p.
15. Questions for control
1. Define the following terms: resolving power, numerical aperture, anionic
dye, cationic dye.
2. What are the usual magnifications obtainable with light microscopes?
3. Distinguish between simple and differential staining procedure.
4. What is the function of oil when used with oil-immersion odjective?
5. Why is the gram stain one of the most important and widely used stains in
bacteriology?
6. Give some reasons why microorganisms have a wider range of physiological
and biochemical potentialities than all other organisms combine.
7. Discuss the differences between procariotic and eucaryortic cell under the
foloowing topics: (a) Genetic system; (b) cytoplasmic nature and structure;
(c) outer cell structures.
8. What is meant by pure-culture concept? Why should we not always study
microorganisms in pure culture?
9. Summarize the developments that led to the establishment of bacteriology as
a science.
10.What are the usual morphological types of bacteria classified in the order
Eubacteriales?
11.Draw a typical bacterial cell and identify all parts.
12.Compare the chemistry and function of bacterial pili and flagella.
13.Is endospores formation in bacteria a method of reproduction or a means of
multiplication, or other?
14.Are the position and size of the endospores in a vegetative cell of value for
identification of a bacterium? Supplement your answer with specific
examples.
15.What is the relationship between protoplasts, spheroplasts, and L-forms of
bacteria?
16.How does the term growth as used in bacteriology differ from the same term
as applied to higher plants and animal?
17.Name and describe three methods of reproduction which may occur in
bacteria.
18.A fresh medium is inoculated with bacterial cells. Describe the sequence of
events that follows.
19.Draw a typical bacterial growth curve and label the various phases.
20.At what stage of the bacterial growth curve do the cells increase markedly in
size? Explain.
21.Compare the direct and indirect methods for estimating bacterial population
on the basis of (a) practical applications, (b) advantages, and (c) limitation of
use.
22.Distinguish between the meanings of the term pure culture, mixed culture.
23.Give several reasons why industrial companies maintain large culture
collections.
24.What general features should be observed in establishing the colonial
characteristics of a species?
25.Outline a laboratory procedure for isolating bacteria capable of digesting
cellulose.
26.List the conditions that influence the microbial population of soil.
27.If a soil sample is plated on nutrient agar, will the resulting colony count be
indicative of a total microbial population? Explain.
28.What is meant by the term mineralization? Give any example.
29.How may the process of nitrogen fixation be determined experimentally?
30.What changes do soil microorganisms cause on phosphorus and phosphorus
compounds?
Form №H-5.05
National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Faculty
Biotecnology
Educational – Qalificational level
Bachelor
Semester, course
3 Semester 2 course
Educational Subject
Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology)
Confirm on department
Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety
Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013
Head of a department
Koshevsky I.I.
Examiner
Koshevsky I.I.
Ticket № 1
Question 1. Call bacteria whose coloni
show on picture
Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of
bacterial cell by methylen blue ist,
min
word
1
1
2
3
3
5
4
7
5
9
Question 2 What bacteria has the more
active ability for transformation of urea
in the soil
. Question 9.Basis morphological
peculiarity of procariote is
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1
Rod form
2
Sporosarcina uerae
2
Endospore forming
3
Pseudomonas fluorescens
3
Have capsule
4
Azotobacter agilis
4
Absence of nuclear
5
Beggiatoria alba
5
Movement
Question 3. What is a toxical substance
forming at destraction of amino acids
. Question 10 What is the difference
between bacillus and bacteria ?
1
1
Alcochol
Presence of flagella
2
Indol
2
The form of flagella
3
Scatol
3
Reproduction
4
Ammonia
4
Presence of endospore
5
Cadaverin
5
Presence of nucleous
Question 4. Explainwhy some species of
Question 11What generalizations can be
cocci appear as chains A ? but others appear
incuboidal forms B..?
made whith respect to A morphology and
1
Monococcus
1
Spore formation
2
Tetracoccus
2
motility
3
Sarcina
3
Gram reactions
4
Streptococcus
5
Diplococcus
Question 5.In what compound of cell the
sulphur is present
Question 12 Main structure elements
of proteini are
1
Alanin
1
Phosphoruc acids
2
Metionin
2
Benzoic acid
3
Prolin
3
Amino acids
4
Arginin
4
АТP
5
Valin
5
DNA
Question 6 Reducing sulphur
microorganisms to substance
by
Question 13 The role of nucleoid in
bacterial cel, for
1
FeS
1
Rest
2
H2S
2
Herediti
3
Na2SO4
3
Reproduction
4
K2SO4
4
Germination
5
(NH4)2SO4
5
Moving
Question 7
Bacteria has ability for
perfoming phosphorus very well.
Question
14
What
is
the
morphological group of staphylococcus
1
Micrococcus ureae
1
Rodlike
2
Sporosarcina ureae
2
Spiral
3
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3
Spherical
4
Bacillus megaterium
4
Bacillus
5
Bacillus polymyxa
5
Helical
Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions
Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell
1
Fimbriae
1
Germination
2
Flagella
2
Movement
3
Nucleous acid
3
Rest
4
Basal body
4
Conjgation
5
membrane
5
Vitamines
Question 17 Where is sulphur in the
cell
Question 24 What is the cytoplasme
1
Ascorbic acid
1
Nuclear substance
2
Tiamin
2
Compositions of cell
3
pectin
3
enzimes
4
Vitamines
4
Vitamines
5
Auxins
5
Proteines
Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
– consist to morphologicalgroup of
bacteria
Question 25 Compositions of nuclear
substance
1
Sarcine
1
Proteines
2
Diplococcus
2
Benzoic acid
3
Rodlike
3
Peptones
4
Streptococcus
4
Vitamines
5
Nucleous acid
5
Spiral
Question 19 Give characteristics of
streptococcus.
Question 26 What bacteria have the
comma form ?
1
Singular
1
Vibrions
2
Plural
2
Sarcine
3
In pairs
3
Streptococcus
4
Spiral
4
Spiral
5
In chains
5
Streptococcus
Question 20.
Who is the first
investigate bacteria from genera
Question 27 How much vinegar we can
Rhizobium
resive from 1 L grape vine
1
Omelyansky
1
600 г
2
Koch
2
500 г
3
Paster
3
200 г
4
Voronin
4
400 г
5
Bejerinc
5
100 г
Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in
tissue and forme nodules, what is it
. Question 28 How many flagellum
have monoflagella
1
Resistance
1
Two
2
Comensalizm
2
Three
3
Virulence
3
Four
4
Metabolizm
4
Five
5
Amensalizm
5
One
Question 22 What structure in bacterial
cell forme proteine
Question 29 Main bacteria which may
productions of antibiotics
1
Nucleois
1
Streptomyces spp.
2
Ribosome
2
Azotobacter spp.
3
Membrane
3
Penicillium spp.
4
Flagella
4
Aspergillus spp.
5
Plasmida
5
Pseudomonas spp.
Question 23 Call the science which study
algae
Question 30 Main function the spore of
fungi
1
Entomology
1
Movement
2
Phytopathology
2
Conjgation
3
Virology
3
Germination
4
Algology
4
Rest
5
Mycology
5
Protection
Form №H-5.05
National University of life and environmental Sciences of Ukraine
Faculty
Biotecnology
Educational – Qalificational Level
Bachelor
Semester, course
3 Semester 2 course
Educational Subject
Basis Microbiology and virology ıı (microbiology)
Confirm on department
Molecular biology, microbiology and biosafety
Minutes № 9 from 14 of May 2013
Head of a department
Koshevsky I.I.
Examiner
Koshevsky I.I.
Ticket № 3
Question 1. Call what is it A…? What
bacteria ?
Question 8. Exspozition of colouring of
bacterial cell by methylen blue ist,
min
1
Ccoloni
1
1
2
Cace
2
3
3
Stafilococcus
3
7
4
Sarcina
4
5
5
Escherichia
5
2
Question 2 What bacteria has the more
active ability for transformation of urea
in the soil
Question
9.Basis
morphological
peculiarity of procariote is
1
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
1
Rod form
2
Pseudomonas fluorescens
2
Endospore forming
3
Sporosarcina uerae
3
Have capsule
4
Azotobacter agilis
4
Movement
5
Beggiatoria alba
5
Absence of nuclear
Question 3. What is a toxical substance
forming at destraction of amino acids
Question 10 What is the difference
between bacillus and bacteria ?
1
Cadaverin
1
Presence of flagella
2
Indol
2
The form of flagella
3
Scatol
3
Reproduction
4
Ammonia
4
Presence of nucleous
5
Alcochol
5
Presence of endospore
Question 4. What enzymes has ability for
destroying of nuclear acids
Question 11 Function of volutiin, sulphur
in bacterial cells is
1
Hydrolase
1
Protein synthese
2
Ribonuclease
2
Catalist
3
Polyphenoloxidase
3
Vitamines
4
Urease
4
Reserve elements
5
Peroxidase
5
Proteines
Question 5.In what compound of cell the
sulphur is present
Question 12 Main structure elements
of proteini are
1
Alanin
1
Phosphoruc acids
2
Prolin
2
Benzoic acid
3
Metionin
3
АТP
4
Arginin
4
Amino acids
5
Valin
5
DNA
Question 6 Reducing sulphur
microorganisms to substance
by
Question 13 The role of nucleoid in
bacterial cel, for
1
FeS
1
Rest
2
Na2SO4
2
Reproduction
3
H2S
3
Herediti
4
K2SO4
4
Germination
5
(NH4)2SO4
5
Moving
Question 7 Bacteria has ability for perfoming
phosphorus very well.
Question
14
What
is
the
morphological group of staphylococcus
1
Micrococcus ureae
1
Rodlike
2
Sporosarcina ureae
2
Spiral
3
Saccharomyces cerevisiae
3
Bacillus
4
Bacillus polymyxa
4
Spherical
5
Bacillus megaterium
5
Helical
Question 15 Phosphorus in cells compositions
Question 16 Function of pili in bacterial cell
1
Fimbriae
1
Germination
2
Flagella
2
Movement
3
Basal body
3
Rest
4
Nucleous acid
4
Vitamines C
5
membrane
5
Conjugation
. Question 17 Where is sulphur in the
cell
. Question 24 What is the cytoplasme
1
Ascorbic acid
1
Nuclear substance
2
Pectin
2
Enzymes
3
Tiamin
3
Compositions of cell
4
Vitamines
4
Vitamines
5
Auxins
5
Proteines
Question 18 Desulfovibrio desulfuricans
– consist to morphologicalgroup of
bacteria
Question 25 Compositions of nuclear
substance
1
Sarcine
1
Nucleous acid
2
Diplococcus
2
Benzoic acid
3
Rodlike
3
Peptones
4
Streptococcus
4
Vitamines
5
Proteines
5
Spiral
Question 19 Give characteristics of
streptococcus.
Question 26 What bacteria have the
comma form ?
1
In chains
1
Sarcine
2
Plural
2
Vibrions
3
In pairs
3
Streptococcus
4
Spiral
4
Spiral
5
Singular
5
Streptococcus
Question 20.
Who is the first
investigate bacteria from genera
Rhizobium
Question 27 How much vinegar we can
resive from 1 L grape vine
1
1
Bejerinc
600 г
2
Koch
2
500 г
3
Paster
3
200 г
4
Voronin
4
400 г
5
Omelyansky
5
100 г
Question 21 When bacteria penetrate in
tissue and forme nodules, what is it
Question 28 How many flagellum have
monoflagella
1
Resistance
1
Two
2
Comensalizm
2
Three
3
Metabolizm
3
Five
4
Virulence
4
Four
5
Amensalizm
5
One
Question 22 What structure in bacterial
cell forme proteine
. Question 29 Main bacteria which
may productions of antibiotics
1
Nucleois
1
Azotobacter spp
2
Membrane
2
. Streptomyces spp.
3
Ribosome
3
Penicillium spp.
4
Flagella
4
Aspergillus spp.
5
Plasmida
5
Pseudomonas spp.
Question 23 Call the science which study
algae
. Question 30 Main function of spore of
fungi
1
Entomology
1
Movement
2
Phytopathology
2
Conjgation
3
Virology
3
Rest
4
Mycology
4
Germination
5
Algology
5
Protection
National University of Life
Ф-7.5-2.1.8-04
and Environmental Sciences
of Ukraine
The structurally- logical scheme
of discipline BASIS MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı (microbiology)
Discepline and its parts, which are using knowledge of this discipline
Module 1
Module 2
І
І
І
І
Biotech
nology,
Production;
amino-acids,
yeasts,lactic
acid, vinegar,
bear,
citric acid, vine,
antibiotics,
lysine,
І
І
І
І
Plant
protection,bacteri
al pesticide,
antibiotics,
resistance and immunity,
infections
diseases of plants.
I
І
I
І
Ecology
mutualism,
commensalisms,
antagonism,
I
І
I
І
Agricult
ural
science:
parasitism,
microbial
transformatio
n of nitrogen
and carbone
compounds,
sulfate,
interactions as
natural
cellulose,
pesticides,
phenomena in
ecosystems.
phosphorus,
Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05
National University of Life
and Environmental Sciences
of Ukraine
CALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL
WORK from discipline BASIS
MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı
( MICROBIOLOGY)
Direction 0514 – biotechnology
Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology
3 Semester
2013-2014
M
o
n
t
h
W
e
e
k
"CONFIRM”
Dean of faculty biotechnology
________Ju.V.Kolomiets
«_____» _______________ 2013
Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.
Week number
17
Lecture, hour
34
Laboratory work, hour
34
Independent work, hour 55
Total number of hours 123
H
o
u
r
Lecture
Laboratory work
H
o
u
r
Module 1
1
1
The microbial world. What is a
microbe?
2
The microscopic, methods
observations
microorganism by
microscope
4
4
The general forms of bacteria.
fixed, stained smears of bacteria
2
evolution of microbiology,
importance of microbiology,
methods microbial.
1
2
Classification of
microorganisms:
Methods of fixation
microorganisms.
Current classification of
prokaryotes, fungus,
micoplasms
1
3
The morphology and fine
structure of bacteria,
endospore in the cell.
2
Simple and differential
staining. Gram-staining
technique.
2
1
4
Procariote growth and cell
cycle, rapid growth, the
bacterial growth curve,
continuous culture
2
The morphology and
structure of bacteria.
(coccus, rods, sarcina,
streptococcus,
4
staphylococcus
2
5
6
Heterotrophic pathways
Citric acid cycle and
respiration, fermentation
4
Oral examination
2
Biosyntheticpathways.
arbohydrates, Amino acids,
Nucleic acids, Lipids.
2
7
8
Structure and organization of
DNA conformation, DNA
measurement and description,
Chromosome RNA molecules
in the cell. Structure of RNA
Catalytic RNA molecules.
4
Pure cultures and cultural
charac-teristics of soil
microorganisms (agar-plate
colonies, agar-streak
growth, growth in nutrient
broth, growth in gelatin
stabs).
4
2
Methods of sterilization.
Moist- heat and dry-heat
sterilization
2
Module 2
3
1
The Archaea. Comparison in
the Bacteria and the Eukaria,
Biotech-nology.
3
2
Bacterial movement and
chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella
structure, Flagella movement,
Chemotaxis
2
Nutrition media. Ingredients of
media. Solid and liquid media.
Meat-peptone agar
preparation. Beef-extract
preparation.
2
3
3
Growth in the laboratory.
Growth media. Solid and liquid
media. Ingre-dients of media.
2
Lactic acid fermentation.
Microorga-nisms
of
fermented milk (Bulgarian
milk, acidophilus milk, yogurt,
kefir). Acid producers are
present in milk products.
4
1
2
3
4
5
6
3
4
2
Butyric acid fermentation and
the role of bacteria genus
Clostridium sp. in this
processes.
Pathogenic
clostridia and food spoiling
processes.
2
Bacterial cell envelope and cell
wall synthesis, The Gram stain,
Lipid
bilayer,
Cytoplasmic
membrane, Transport across
membrane, The bacterial cell
wall.
Bacteriophage, structure, life
cycle, lysogenic life cycle.
4
1
4
Soil
2 Microbiology. The microbiota of the
3soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa,
4 Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis,
Amino acid degradation
2
Alcohol
fermentation
.Yeasts in the production
of alcoholic beverages
(wine
Saccharomyces
ellipsoids,
beer
S.
cerevisiae). Baker’s yeast.
2
6
Soil microorganisms.
Number
determination of
microorganisms in
soil
4
Oral examination
Lecturer
Results of controle calendar plan
sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.
Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky
Ф-7.5-2.1.8-05
National University of Life
and Environmental Sciences
of Ukraine
CALENDAR PLANE EDUCATIONAL
WORK for extra-mural student EQL Bachelor
from discipline BASIS
"CONFIRM”
Dean of faculty biotechnology
________Ju.V.Kolomiets
MICROBIOLOGY AND VIROLOGY ıı
( MICROBIOLOGY)
Direction 0514 – biotechnology
Speciality –6.051401 – biotechnology
3 Semester
2013-2014
Week number
Lecture, hour
6
Laboratory work, hour
6
Independent work, hour 120
Total number of hours 132
W
e
e
k
«_____» _______________ 2013
Lecturer sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.
H
o
u
r
Lecture
Laboratory work
H
o
u
r
Module 1
1
The microbial world. What is a 0,5
microbe?
evolution of microbiology,
importance of microbiology,
The microscopic,
methods observations
microorganism by
microscope
0,
5
The general forms of
bacteria. fixed, stained
smears of bacteria Methods
0,
5
methods microbial.
2
Classification of
microorganisms:
1
Current classification of
prokaryotes, fungus,
micoplasms
3
The morphology and fine
structure of bacteria,
endospore in the cell.
4
Procariote growth and cell
cycle, rapid growth, the
bacterial growth curve,
continuous culture
of fixation
microorganisms.
0,5
0
,
5
Simple and differential
staining. Gram-staining
technique.
1
The morphology and
structure of bacteria.
(coccus, rods, sarcina,
streptococcus,
staphylococcus
0,
5
Module 2
1
Bacterial movement and
chemotaxis. Motility, Flagella
structure, Flagella movement,
Chemotaxis
1
Nutrition media.
Ingredients of media. Solid
and liquid media. Meatpeptone agar preparation.
Beef-extract preparation.
0,
5
2
Growth in the laboratory.
Growth media. Solid and liquid
media. Ingre-dients of media.
1
Lactic acid fermentation.
Microorga-nisms
of
fermented milk (Bulgarian
milk, acidophilus milk,
yogurt,
kefir).
Acid
producers are present in
milk products.
1
3
Bacterial cell envelope and cell
wall synthesis, The Gram stain,
Lipid
bilayer,
Cytoplasmic
membrane, Transport across
membrane, The bacterial cell
wall.
0,
5
Butyric acid fermentation
and the role of bacteria
genus Clostridium sp. in
this processes. Pathogenic
clostridia and food spoiling
processes.
0,
5
Alcohol
fermentation
.Yeasts
in
the
production of alcoholic
beverages
(wine
Saccharomyces
ellipsoids,
beer
S.
cerevisiae).
Baker’s
yeast.
0,
5
Soil
microorganisms.
Number
determination of
microorganisms
in soil
1
Bacteriophage, structure, life
cycle, lysogenic life cycle.
Soil
4 Microbiology. The microbiota of the
soil: Bacteria, Fungi, Algae, Protozoa,
Virus. The Rhizosphere, Proteolysis,
Amino acid degradation
1
Oral examination
Lecturer
sen.lec. Koshevsky I.I.
Results of controle calendar plan
Head of a department I.I. . Koshevsky
Ф-7.5-2.1.8-0.3
The report
Coordination of the working program of discipline “basis microbiology and
virology” whis others disciplines (speciality) 6.092 900 “ biotechnology”
Discipli Surname,the initials,
Th
Discipline Surname,the initials,
The
ne and scientific degree and
its
academic status of
section the teacher which
s,
teaches the
which previous discipline
preced
e
Studying of the
given discipline
Botan
y
Prof.
e
sig
nat
ure
and its
sections,
in which
materials
of the
given
scientific degree and
academic status of
the teacher which
teaches the
following discipline
discipline
are used
Ecology of
microorganisms
Doc.Fedele
sh M.I.
Jacubenko
B.E.
Cell
biolog
y
Doc.
Marchenk
o O. A.
Phytopath
o
Bioch
emistry
Doc
Boyko O.L
Agricultur Prof. Balaev A.D.
al science
logy
Doc.
Antonenko
A.F.
sign
atur
e