Download Pronoun Power Point Review

Personal Pronouns
A pronoun is a word that takes the
place of one or more nouns.
The most frequently used pronouns
are called personal pronouns. They
refer to people or things.
Subject Pronouns
A subject pronoun is used as the
subject of a sentence as well as
the predicate nominative.
She is my best friend.
It is my dog.
Does he know the answer?
You and I will meet later.
Which of the following uses a subjective
pronoun as the P.N.?
A. Dad and Mom vacationed together to
Europe and saw many interesting sites.
B. Dad asked Mom, “Have you seen the
receipt for the cake that I purchased?”
C. Did Dad and Mom eat any of the cake that
they bought for Grandmother’s birthday?
D. No, it was they who made it, but only
Grandmother who ate it.
The answer is D
• No, it was they who made it, but only
Grandmother who ate it.
• It is the subject of the sentence and is
followed by the linking verb was. A
predicate pronoun follows the linking verb;
notice that this predicate pronoun is
subjective.
Object Pronouns
An object pronoun is used as the
direct/indirect object or the object
of a preposition.
Give the book to me. (OP)
The teacher gave her a reprimand. (IO)
I will tell you a story. (IO)
Susan read it to them. (DO, OP)
Which of the following sentences uses a
personal pronoun as the compound object of
the preposition? (Don’t worry if the antecedent is not clear!)
A. Carolina and Marcus enjoyed the event as
much as he and she enjoyed it.
B. Maribelle provided the class and him great
entertainment with her juggling act.
C. Mr. Dowdy awarded certificates to you
and us because of our excellent integrity.
D. You and I will never reveal our secret
recipe for success, but we do hope that
others find their own way to succeed.
Answer … C
• Mr. Dowdy awarded certificates to you and
us because of our excellent integrity.
List of Personal Pronouns
Singular
Plural
Subject Pronouns
I
you
he, she, it
we
you
they
Object Pronouns
me
you
him, her, it
us
you
them
Test Tip
• You will be required to place “click and
drag” the personal pronouns into the
appropriate box. For example: Into which
box would you “click and drag” the
personal pronoun –they?
Subjective
Objective
Possessive
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
Read the following sentences. Can you
tell to whom the word She refers?
Arachne competes with Athena. She
weaves skillfully.
The sentence is not clear because the word
She could refer to either Arachne or
Athena. Sometimes you must repeat a
noun or rewrite the sentence.
Arachne competes with Athena. Athena
weaves skillfully.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
The noun or group of words to which
pronoun refers to is called its
antecedent.
When you use a pronoun, you should be sure that
it refers to its antecedent clearly. Be
especially careful when you use the pronoun
they. Read the following sentence.
They have several books about Greek
myths at the library.
Continue
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
The meaning of They is unclear. The
sentence can be improved by
rewriting it in the following
manner.
Several books about myths are
available at the library.
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
When using pronouns, you must also
make sure that they agree with
their antecedents in number
(singular or plural) and gender.
The gender of a noun may be
masculine (male), feminine
(female), or neuter (referring to
things). Notice how the pronouns
on the next slide agree with their
antecedents.
Continue
PRONOUNS AND ANTECEDENTS
1. The myth of Arachne is amusing. I
enjoyed it.
2. The bystanders see Athena. They
watch her at the loom.
In the first sentence, myth is the
antecedent of the pronoun it.
In the second sentence, bystanders is
the antecedent of They, and Athena
is the antecedent of her.
??? Which of the passages below has the best clarity
in pronoun-antecedent agreement?
A. The orchestra gave its final performance tonight, so the
students had to remember their instruments. Marla and
Denise forgot their cellos, and their teacher, the conductor,
was not pleased. She apologized and was forgiven for her
lapse in memory.
B. Neither the conductor nor the musicians had taken their
places on the stage when Marla confessed to her
forgetfulness. It was not until she had sat down that Denise
told the conductor about not having her instrument.
C. All of the musicians played their solos, and each musician
had a solo. Kyle and Martin played together, but he was off
key and ruined their duet.
Answer…B
A. The orchestra gave its final performance tonight, so the
students had to remember their instruments. Marla and
Denise forgot their cellos, and their teacher, the conductor,
was not pleased. She apologized and was forgiven for her
lapse in memory. (To whom is “she” referring?)
B. Neither the conductor nor the musicians had taken their
places on the stage when Marla confessed to her
forgetfulness. It was not until Denise had sat down that
Denise told the conductor about not having her instrument.
(All antecedents are clearly defined!)
C. All of the musicians played their solos, and each musician
had a solo. Kyle and Martin played together, but he was off
key and ruined their duet. (To whom does he refer?)
Using Pronouns Correctly
Subject pronouns are used in compound subjects,
and object pronouns are used in compound
objects.
He and Carmen wrote a report on the
subject. (Not Him and Carmen) Get rid
of “and Carmen” and then it is easy to
determine which pronoun to use!
Tell John and me about Hercules. (Not
John and I)
Continue
Using Pronouns Correctly
A preposition takes an object, just as
many verbs do. The object of a
preposition can be simple or
compound. In either case, use an
object pronoun as the object of the
preposition.
Lee read a famous myth to me.
Lee read a famous Roman myth
to John and me.
Continue
Using Pronouns Correctly
If you are not sure of which form of the
pronoun to use, say the sentence aloud
with only the pronoun as the subject or
the object. Your ear will tell you which
form is correct.
Whenever the pronoun I is part of a
compound subject, it should always be
placed after the other parts of the subject.
Similarly, when the pronoun me is part of
a compound object, it should go after the
other parts of the object.
Continue
Using Pronouns Correctly
Lee and I read some ancient
Roman myths. (Not I and Lee)
Mythology interests Lee and me.
(Not me and Lee).
Continue
Using Pronouns Correctly
In formal writing and speech use a
subject pronoun after a linking
verb.
The subject pronoun that follows a linking verb is called the
predicate pronoun (like the predicate nominative).
The writer of this report was she.
It is I.
Continue
In which sentence is the compound part NOT written
correctly?
A. The composer Andrew Lloyd Webber has
given Mr. Milner and us many great ideas
for perfect performances.
B. It was she and I who decided to play a
song from Phantom of the Opera.
C. Lloyd Webber first got the idea for writing
his show Cats when his wife and he were
reading a book of poetry by T.S. Eliot.
D. Eventually, his friend and him turned
Eliot’s poems about cats into a musical.
Answer…D
• Eventually, his friend and him turned
Eliot’s poems about cats into a musical.
• Eventually, his friend and him turned
Eliot’s poems about cats into a musical.
• Eventually, he (not him) turned Eliot’s
poems about cats into a musical.
Possessive Pronouns
A possessive pronoun is a
pronoun that shows who or what
has something. A possessive
pronoun may take the place of a
possessive noun.
Read the following sentences. Notice
the possessive nouns and the
possessive pronouns that replace
them.
Continue
Possessive Pronouns
Homer’s story is famous.
His story is famous.
This story is Homer’s.
This story is his.
Possessive nouns are in green. Possessive pronouns are
in red.
Continue
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns have two forms. One form is used
before a noun. The other form is used alone.
Used
before
nouns
Used
alone
Singular
Plural
my
your
his, her, its
mine
yours
his, hers, its
our
your
their
ours
yours
theirs
Continue
Possessive Pronouns
Possessive pronouns are not written with apostrophes. The
pronoun its, for example, shows possession. The word
it’s, on the other hand, is a contraction of it is.
Read the following sentences. Notice the meaning of
the words in red type.
Its central character is Odysseus.
(possessive pronoun)
It’s about the adventures of Odysseus.
(contraction of It is)
How would Case 21 ask a personal
pronoun question? YIKES
• Which of the following sentences is complex (it
has both a dependent and independent clause) and
uses a plural, objective personal pronoun?
A. Ms. Wells and he visited the museum last night.
B. Although you told them about your trouble, Casey and Ralph could
not help you.
C. It will be a traumatic experience when Florida State loses.
D. That boy never obeys, and he certainly is not nice.
HINT…Eliminate the simple and compound sentences first.
Then
examine the pronouns in the complex sentences. Which one of the
complex sentences has a plural, objective personal pronoun? That
sentence is your answer!
And the answer is…B
A. Ms. Wells and he visited the museum last night. –
Eliminate this simple sentence.
B. Although you told them about your trouble,
Casey and Ralph could not help you. (Complex
sentence…them is plural, objective
pronoun…..ANSWER!!!!!!)
C.It will be a traumatic experience when Florida
State loses. (Complex sentence...the personal
pronoun is singular and subjective…NOT THE
ANSWER!!!)
D.That boy never obeys, and he certainly is not nice.
– Eliminate this compound sentence.
Indefinite Pronouns
An indefinite pronoun is a pronoun that
does not refer to a particular person,
place, or thing.
Does anyone know the story of Midas?
Most indefinite pronouns are either singular
or plural.
Continue
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Singular
another
anybody
anyone
anything
each
either
everybody
everyone
everything
much
neither
nobody
Plural
no one
nothing
one
somebody
someone
something
both
few
Many
several
All, any, most, none and some can be
singular or plural, depending on the phrase
that follows them.
Continue
All, Any, Most, None, and Some
• For the pronouns that can be singular or
plural, determine if the object of the
preposition can be measured or if it can be
counted.
• Measured…singular verbs will be used for
correct pronoun/verb agreement.
• Counted…plural verbs will be used for
correct pronoun/verb agreement
Measurable…Singular
• All of the water has drained out of the tub.
All (of the water) has drained out of the tub.
Water can be measured and not counted;
therefore, you must use a singular verb like
has.
SINGULAR VERBS END IN -S
Countable…Plural
• None of the water spouts work, and I’m
thirsty!
• None (of the water spouts) work…
• I can count water spouts; therefore a plural
verb must be used. Remember that plural
verbs DO NOT end in –S.
What can you measure? What can
you count?
Measurable (singular)
• (Make a list with your
partners.)
Countable (plural)
• (Make a list with your
partners.)
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Sugar
Hair
Freedom
milk
Sugar cubes
Hair brushes
Freedom riders
Milk cartons
Some Indefinite Pronouns
When an indefinite pronoun is used as the
subject, the verb must agree with it in number.
Everyone discusses the plot. (singular)
Both talk about King Minos. (plural)
All of mythology is about beliefs and ideals. (singular)
All of the myths are about beliefs and ideals. (plural)
Continue
Some Indefinite Pronouns
Possessive pronouns often have indefinite pronouns
as their antecedents. In such cases, the pronouns
must agree in number. Note that in the first
example the intervening prepositional phrase does
not affect the agreement.
Each of the characters has his or her motive.
Several have conflict with their rivals.
Continue
Test Hint…You will have to place indefinite
pronouns on a chart.
Singular
Somebody
Either
One
Both
All
Some
Few
Each
Several
Plural
Either Way
Singular – one clap
Plural – two claps
Either Way – don’t clap
Reflexive Pronouns
A reflexive pronoun refers to a noun or another
pronoun and indicates that the same person or
thing is involved. Reflexive pronouns are formed
by adding –self or –selves to certain personal and
possessive pronouns
The woman found herself a book of folktales.
Reflexive Pronoun
Continue
Reflexive Pronouns
Singular
myself
yourself
himself, herself, itself
Plural
ourselves
yourselves
themselves
Sometimes hisself is mistakenly used for
himself and theirselves for themselves.
Avoid using hisself and theirselves.
Continue
Intensive Pronouns
An intensive pronoun is a pronoun that adds
emphasis to a noun or pronoun already named.
George himself bought a copy of American Tall
Tales.
He himself paid for the book.
Continue
Which of the following sentences uses
an intensive pronoun correctly?
A. Travelers to Tibet are fortunate if they can
hike the terrain by themselves.
B. Tibetan hunters theirselves have depleted
the population of yaks by overhunting.
C. The Tibetan Tang Reserve itself covers
115,000 square miles, an area greater than
that of Arizona.
D. Travelers who have never seen a golden
yak might ask themselves “What are we
looking for?”
Answer…C
A. Tibetan hunters theirselves have
depleted the population of yaks by
overhunting.
B. The Tibetan Tang Reserve itself covers
115,000 square miles, an area greater
than that of Arizona.
Theirselves is not a correct form of an
intensive or reflexive pronoun.
Relative Pronouns Begin
Dependent Clauses
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
That
Which
Who
Whom
Whoever
Whomever
where
Relative Clauses are Adjective
Clauses (Modify Nouns)
• The student who performs his best on the
test will receive an award.
• The school where Mrs. Autrey teaches
rocks!
What is the relative clause in the following
sentence?
The girl for whom he waited is the love of his
life.
Answer
• The girl for whom he waited is the love of
his life.