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Pre-AP Biology
Unit 6 Test Review – Converting Energy (Photosynthesis, Respiration & Systems)
Directions: Write answers on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Where does most of the energy Earth come from?
sun
2. How do most autotrophs obtain energy?
Produce own food via photosynthesis
3. How do heterotrophs obtain energy?
eating
4. What is ATP? How is its energy released?
Energy required for cellular activity, when breaking phosphate bond
5. What happens during photosynthesis?
Light reactions (thylakoid membrane): energy from sun absorbed by chlorophyll, excites
electrons, water split into hydrogen ions, free electrons, and oxygen which is released,
ADP and NADP+ converted to ATP and NADPH
Dark reactions/Calvin Cycle (Stroma): energy from ATP and NADPH used to run Calvin
Cycle which converts CO2 into Glucose.
6. Describe the light and dark reactions of photosynthesis.
Above
7. What is the equation for photosynthesis?
6H2O + 6CO2 (light) -> C6H12O6 + 6O2
8. What is a chloroplast?
Pigment which absorbs light from sun
9. What are pigments?
Light absorbing molecules
10. What is the primary pigment involved in photosynthesis?
Chlorophyll a and b
11. Why is chlorophyll green?
Reflects green
12. What happens during cellular respiration?
Glucose is converted into ATP
13. What is the equation for cellular respiration?
Opposite of photosynthesis
14. Where does cellular respiration take place?
Aerobic respiration begins in cytoplasm of cell completes in the mitochondria. Anaerobic
respiration stays in cytoplasm
15. What are the stages of cellular respiration?
1. Glycolysis, 2. Krebs Cycles, 3. Electron Transport Chain
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16. What is aerobic respiration?
Occurs in the presence of oxygen
17. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
18. What is anaerobic respiration?
AKA fermentation, occurs without presence of oxygen
19. Fermentation happens under (aerobic / anaerobic) conditions.
Anaerobic
20. Which process occurs in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration? (Glycolysis, Krebs, ETC)
Glycolysis
21. What are the two kinds of fermentation? What kind happens in our muscles?
Alcohol and Lactic Acid fermentation
22. Do cells produce more or less ATP in the presence of oxygen?
More
23. Why do plants have mitochondria if they can make their own food?
To produce ATP
24. How are photosynthesis and cellular respiration connected?
Reverse reactions. Product of one is reactant for the other
25. What is the role of ATPases in the body?
Convert ATP to ADP (releases energy). ATP synthase is the enzyme that converts ADP to
ATP
26. What an energy acquiring process? What is an energy releasing process?
Obtain chemical energy in photosynthesis by producing glucose. Release energy in
glucose during cell respiration
27. Why might plants photosynthesize more in the summer months than in the winter?
More chlorophyll present to absorb light energy, warmer temperatures, more light and
water available
Systems: Human/Plant
28. What is the function of the circulatory system?
Transport gases and nutrients throughout the body
29. Describe the flow of blood through the heart. Indicate where blood is oxygenated or
deoxygenated.
Deoxygenated blood returns to heart by the veins, enters right atrium then to right
ventricle, then to lungs where gas exchange takes place, oxygenated blood returns to left
atrium and left ventricle then oxygenated blood goes through body by arteries
30. Describe the function of the following structures:
a. Veins
d. Arterioles
b. Venules
e. Arteries
c. Capillaries
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Pre-AP Biology
Arteries carry oxygenated blood away from heart and branch into smaller arterioles.
Capillaries act as bridge between arteries and veins and allow oxygen to pass to tissue.
From capillaries blood begins returning to heart by going through venules and then to
veins.
31. What is the function of red blood cells?
Carry oxygen
32. What is the function of the respiratory system?
Take in oxygen from environment and release carbon dioxide
33. Describe the function of the following structures:
f. Pharynx: passageway for air
g. Larynx: where vocal cords are present
h. Epiglottis: prevent food from entering airway
i. Trachea: wind pipe
j. Lung: contain bronchioles and alveoli
k. Bronchi: branch to lungs (from trachea)
l. Bronchioles: branches from bronchi (in lungs)
m. Alveoli: grape-like sacs at end of bronchioles where gas exchange takes place
n. Diaphragm: muscle that aides in breathing
34. What is the function of the digestive systems?
Break down food into smaller units
35. Describe the function of the following structures?
o. Mouth: break down food mechanically and chemically (saliva)
p. Pharynx: passage for food
q. Esophagus: tube to stomach
r. Stomach: breaks down food
s. Small intestine: major site of digestion
t. Large intestine: absorption of water
u. Rectum: solid waste excreted
v. Anus: solid waste excreted
36. Name a structure connected to the large intestine that is considered to be vestigial.
Appendix
37. What is the function of the excretory systems?
Remove waste
38. Describe the excretory function of the following structures:
w. Kidney: filter blood
x. Ureters: carries urea to bladder
y. Urinary bladder
z. Urethra: hold urine
aa. Skin: waste removed through sweat glands
bb. Lungs: CO2 waste removed
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39. Draw a plant and label the following structures and describe their role
cc. Leaves
dd. Stem
ee. Roots
ff. Stomata and Guard cells
gg. Xylem
hh. Phloem
ii. Cuticle
Plant Structure
Pre-AP Biology
Name _________________________________________________
Specialized Cells in Plants
Stomata (the pore) and guard cells
(control size of opening) – regulate gas
and water exchange in leaves of plants
40. Describe transpiration.
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Pre-AP Biology