Download Nervous System Cranial Nerves, Spine and Brain

Nervous System: Cranial Nerves,
Nervous System: Spinal Cord and
Spinal Nerves
Exercise 14: Activity 4, figure 14.6, table 14.1 p.168
Dissect Sheep Brain p. 169
Exercise 15: Activities 1, figure 15.2, figure 15.4 p. 181
Objectives
• Describe the names and general functions of
all 12 cranial nerves
• Identify brain structures on the dissected
sheep brain
• Identify the principal structures of the spinal
cord and nerve roots on a model
• Identify and locate the three meninges of the
spinal cord in illustrations
• Begin discussion of eye for Lab 13
Terms to Know
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Cranial Nerves I-XII
Meninges – dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia mater
Anterior (ventral) horn
Central canal
Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve
Dorsal root ganglion
Dorsal root of spinal nerve
Lateral horn
Posterior (dorsal) horn
Spinal nerve
Ventral ramus of spinal nerve
Ventral root of spinal nerve
White matter
The Cranial Nerves
Table 14.1 page 168
I Olfactory
smell
II Optic
vision
III Oculomotor
eye and lid movement, pupil, lens
IV Trochlear
superior oblique muscle, eye movement
V Trigeminal
sensory, motor to face, chewing
VI Abducens
lateral rectus muscle of eye
VII Facial
facial expression, taste
VIII Vestibulcochlear hearing and equilibrium
IX Glossopharyngeal taste, pharynx
X Vagus
mixed, abdominal viscera, heart
XI Accessory
mixed, sternocleidomastoid, trapezius
XII Hypoglossal
mixed, tongue movement
Mnemonic: “On occasion our trusty
truck acts funny-very good vehicle
anyhow”
Mnemonic: “On old Olympus tiny tops
a friendly Viking grew vines and
hops”
Exercise 14, Act. 4 Dissect Brain p. 169
Mammilary
body
Thalamus
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Exercise 15 page 181
Spinal Cord extends from foramen magnum to L2
Meninges cushion and protect spinal cord
– dura mater-tough outer covering
– arachnoid mater-delicate middle layer, cerebrospinal
fluid is found in subarachnoid space
– pia mater-inner layer that clings to spinal cord
31 pairs of spinal nerves emerge from spinal cord to
serve the body
– Cauda equina is collection of spinal nerves at the
inferior end of spinal cord
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Exercise 15 page 181
Gray matter-H shaped unmyelinated cell bodies
and fibers in spinal cord
Dorsal (Posterior) horns-posterior projections of
gray matter
Ventral (anterior) horns-anterior projections of
gray matter
Lateral horns-lateral gray matter projections in
thoracic and lumbuar regions of the spinal cord
Central canal-contains cerebrospinal fluid
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Exercise 15 page 181
Dorsal root-contains sensory neuron and interneurons
fibers enter the spinal cord
Dorsal root ganglion-enlarged area of dorsal root that
contains cell bodies of sensory neurons
Ventral root-contains axons of motor neurons of
somatic nervous system
Spinal nerve forms from a fusion of dorsal and ventral
roots
White matter-tracts of myelinated fibers running up
and down the spinal cord (posterior, lateral, and
anterior columns or funiculi) that are either ascending
sensory tracts or descending motor tracts
Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
Exercise 15 page 181
Dorsal ramus of spinal nerve-small branch of
spinal nerve that serves the skin and muscles of
the posterior body trunk
Ventral ramus of spinal nerve-bigger branch of
the spinal nerve that serves the skin an muscles
of the anterior and lateral trunk
Plexuses-network of nerves that serve the limbs
For Review
Complete pages 178-179 #11-14
Complete pages 189-190 #1-3, 6-7