Download AP US History Civil War Test Study Guide Chapter 18, Renewing the

AP US History Civil War Test Study Guide
Chapter 18, Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-154
Chapter 19, Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
Chapter 20, Girding for War: The North and South, 1861-1865
Chapter 21, The Furnace of Civil War, 186-1865
Chapter 18, Renewing the Sectional Struggle, 1848-1854
1. “Popular sovereignty” was the idea that the people of a territory should determine for themselves whether or not to
permit slavery.
2. In the election of 1848, the response of the Whig and Democratic parties to the rising controversy over slavery was an
attempt to ignore the issue.
3. Quick formation of an effective government in California was essential because of the very large and unruly population
drawn into the state by the discovery of gold.
4. The proposed admission of California directly into the Union was dangerously controversial because California’s
admission as a free state would destroy the equal balance of slave and free states in the U.S. Senate.
5. The existence of the “underground railroad” added to southern demands for a stricter federal Fugitive Slave Law.
6. Among the notable advocates of compromise in the controversy over slavery in 1850 were Henry Clay and Daniel
Webster.
7. During the debate over the Compromise of 1850, northern antislavery forces were particularly outraged by what they
considered the “betrayal” of Senator Daniel Webster.
8. Under the terms of the Compromise of 1850, California was admitted to the Union as a free state, and slavery in Utah
and New Mexico territories would be left up to popular sovereignty.
9. The final battle to gain passage of the Compromise of 1850 was substantially aided by the death of President Taylor
and the succession of President Fillmore.
10. The greatest winner in the Compromise of 1850 was the North.
11. One of the primary effects of the Fugitive Slave Law passed as part of the Compromise of 1850 was a sharp rise in
northern antislavery feeling.
12. The conflict over slavery after the election of 1852 led shortly to the death of the Whig party.
13. Southerners seeking to expand the territory of slavery were especially interested in acquiring Nicaragua and Cuba.
14. The primary goal of Commodore Matthew Perry’s treaty with Japan in 1854 was opening Japan to American trade.
15. Northerners especially resented Douglas’s Kansas-Nebraska Act because it repealed the Missouri Compromise
prohibiting slavery in northern territories.
Chapter 19 Drifting Toward Disunion, 1854-1861
1. Harriet Beecher Stowe’s Uncle Tom’s Cabin greatly strengthened northern antislavery feeling.
2. Hinton R. Helper’s The Impending Crisis of the South contended that slavery did great harm to the poor whites of the
South.
3. The conflict over slavery in Kansas was greatly escalated by abolitionist-funded settlers and proslavery “border
ruffians” from Missouri.
4. As presented to Congress, the Lecompton Constitution provided for the admission of Kansas as a slave state.
5. The fanatical abolitionist John Brown made his first entry into violent antislavery politics by killing five proslavery
settlers at Pottawatomie Creek, Kansas.
6. The Sumner-Brooks affair revealed that violent disagreements about slavery were being felt in the halls of Congress.
7. The election of 1856 was most noteworthy for the dramatic rise of the Republican Party.
8. In the Dred Scott decision, the Supreme Court ruled that Congress could not prohibit slavery in the territories.
9. The panic of 1857 encourage the South to believe that its economy was fundamentally stronger than that of the North.
10. A key issue on the Lincoln-Douglas debates was whether the people of a territory could prohibit slavery in light of the
Dred Scott decision.
11. Southerners were particularly enraged by the John Brown affair because they believed Brown’s violent abolitionist
sentiments were shared by the whole North.
12. In the campaign of 1860, the Democratic Party split in two, with each faction nominating its own presidential
candidate.
13. Lincoln won the presidency with an electoral majority derived only from the North.
14. Within two months after the election of Lincoln, seven southern states had seceded and formed the Confederate States
of America.
15. Lincoln rejected the proposed Crittenden Compromise because it permitted the further extension of slavery north of
the line of 36⁰ 30’.
Chapter 20, Girding for War: The North and the South, 1861-1865
1. Lincoln’s plan for the besieged federal forces in Fort Sumter was to provision the garrison but not to reinforce it.
2. The firing on Fort Sumter had the effect of arousing Northern support for a war to put down the South’s “rebellion.”
3. Among the states that joined the Confederacy only after Lincoln’s call for troops were Virginia, Arkansas, and
Tennessee.
4. Lincoln at first declared that the war was being fought only to save the Union and not to free the slaves.
5. The Border States were Delaware, Maryland, Kentucky, Missouri, and West Virginia.
6. The term “Butternut region” refers to the areas of southern Ohio, Indiana, and Illinois that opposed an antislavery war.
7. In the Indian Territory (Oklahoma), most of the “Five Civilized Tribes” supported the Confederacy.
8. Among the potential advantages, the Confederacy possessed at the beginning of the Civil War was better-trained
officers and soldiers.
9. Among the potential advantages the Union possessed at the beginning of the Civil War was a continuing influx of
immigrant manpower from Europe.
10. The response to the Civil War in Europe was support for the South among the upper classes and for the North among
the working classes.
11. The South’s weapon of “King Cotton” failed to draw Britain into the war on the side of the Confederacy because the
British found sufficient cotton from previous stockpiles and from other sources like Egypt and India.
12. The success of the Confederate raider Alabama highlighted the issue of Britain’s un-neutral policy of allowing
Confederate ships to be built in its naval yards.
13. Lincoln argued that his assertion of executive power and suspension of certain civil liberties was justified because it
was necessary to set aside small provisions of the Constitution in order to save the Union.
14. Many of the new millionaires who emerged in the North during the Civil War made their fortunes by providing poorly
made “shoddy” goods to the Union armies.
15. Women made particular advances during the Civil War by entering industrial employment and providing medical aid
for soldiers on both sides.
Chapter 21, The Furnace of Civil War, 1861-1865
1. One effect of the first Battle of Bull run was to increase the South’s already dangerous overconfidence.
2. The primary weakness of General George McClellan as a military commander was his excessive caution and reluctance
to use his troops in battle.
3. After the unsuccessful Peninsula Campaign, Lincoln and the Union turned to a new strategy based on “total war”
against the Confederacy.
4. The Union blockade of Confederate ports was initially leaky but eventually effective.
5. Antietam was one of the crucial battles of the Civil War because it prevented British and French recognition of the
Confederacy.
6. Officially, the emancipation Proclamation freed only slaves under control of the rebellious Confederate states.
7. The political effects of the Emancipation Proclamation were to strengthen the North’s moral cause but weaken the
Lincoln administration in the Border States and parts of the North.
8. The thousands of black soldiers in the Union Army added a powerful new weapon to the antislavery dimension of the
Union cause.
9. Lee’s goals in invading the North in the summer of 1863 were to strengthen the Northern peace movement and
encourage foreign intervention in the war.
10. Grant’s capture of Vicksburg was especially important because it quelled Northern peace agitation and cut off the
Confederate trade route across the Mississippi.
11. The “Copperheads” were Northern Democrats who opposed the Union war effort.
12. Andrew Johnson, Lincoln’s vice presidential running mate in 1864, was a War Democrat.
13. Lincoln’s election victory in 1864 was sealed by Union military successes at Mobile, Atlanta, and the Shenandoah
Valley.
14. Sherman’s march “from Atlanta to the sea” was especially notable for its brutal use of “total war” tactics of
destruction and pillaging against Southern civilian populations.
15. As the Democratic Party nominee in 1864, General George McClellan repudiated the Copperhead platform that called
for a negotiated settlement with the Confederacy
Please excuse any typos.