Download Tentative Lists with Brief Descriptions

Tentative Lists with Brief Descriptions
UNITED REPUBLIC OF TANZANIA
Name of property: The Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route
Coordinates: From Bagamoyo S 6 26 - E 38 54 to Ujiji, Kigoma S4 54 - E 29 40
Date of submission: 20/02/2006
Criteria: (ii)(iv)
Submitted by: Antiquities Department
WH list (name, id): Central Slave and Ivory Trade Route of Tanzania
State, Province or Region:
Brief Description
Until, not even 150 years ago, millions of Africans had to bear a cruel fate. They were captured by slave hunters, chained
together and forced to walk some times hundred of kilometers to be sold for example to planters who used them as cheap
labour in their fields. Central and East Africa was one of the main areas where the slave hunters and traders, most of
them Arabs made their shade deals. They caught their victims e.g. in some areas which is today parts of Democratic
Republic of Congo and in the Western and Central parts of what is today Tanzania. The Slaves were brought to the coast
and from there to the spice island of Zanzibar and many were sold further to the Arab countries, Persia, and India,
Mauritania and Reunion. Officially, the slave trade was forbidden in 1873 under British pressure, but it went on secretly
for several years. One of the routes that were used by the traders’ caravan started in Ujiji at the shore of Lake
Tanganyika. It went over 1200 kilometers and ended in Bagamoyo just opposite of Zanzibar on main land Tanzania.
Many experts view this as the main route of mainly three that were documented for East Africa. By now the list includes
the Ujiji-Bagamoyo route as a whole. The idea is not only to protect the still visible reminds of the dark past like Arab
Forts and other historic buildings or parts of the route that are existing, but also to intensify the research around the topic,
to document the memories about the era and to preserve the culture and the traditions of the communities living along the
route. In this regard, there are possibilities of Trans-national Nomination with neighbouring countries like Burundi,
Democratic Republic of Congo, Uganda, Kenya and Mozambique. This possibility will be investigated during the
nomination process. Six centres have been identified along the central slave route to include Bagamoyo, Mamboya,
Mpwapwa, Kilimatinde, Kwihara and Ujiji Bagamoyo Due to its location along the Indian Ocean and being a major harbor
and town along the coast of Tanzania that played a key role in the East Africa Slave trade; Bagamoyo is a “place of
memory” for human suffering and humiliation caused by Slavery and the Slave trade and the imposition of European
colonialism. The population of Bagamoyo groups is the result of the interaction and fusion of different ethnic groups from
the interaction and fusion of different ethinic groups from the hinterland and immediate coastal built especially the
Wazaramo, Wadoe, Wakwere and Wazigua and the interiors especially Wanyamwezi and Wamanyema. Bagamoyo
serves as the terminal which starts from Ujiji. From Bagamoyo, slaves were shipped to Zanzibar where the slave market
used to be Important slave trade evidence include slave and slave descendants, buildings such as Caravan Serai, Von
Wissman block, Old market, Customs house and the Old fort. Also the freedom village at the R.C. Mission premises and
the RC Museum that has enough documentation Mamboya Located in Morogoro Region; Kilosa District is a very old
settlement. Historical landmarks include mango stretch plantations, slave and slave traders descendents, graveyard for
the Wanyamwezi, remains of Anglican Church and an area where the house belonging to one slave trade was built.
Cards, coins and domestic utensils are available as well. Mpwapwa Located in Mpwapwa District, Dodoma Region in
central Tanzania Important landmarks include part of the path at Vinga’we Village still visible and in use. Others include
the Anglican Church built at a place where the first church was as evidence of missionaries who fought against slave
trade. Descendants of slaves and slave traders are also part of the present community. Kilimatinde Located in Manyoni
District, Singida Region. Kilimatinde is another important place on the route where caravan rested at a well. The village
with Arabic house, market and late the seat for the German administrative is an important place for information along the
route. There existing small Arabic houses that are abandoned. Kazeh (Tabora) Kazeh was established by traders
involved in the East Africa slave and Ivory trade on the area given to the traders chief Fundikara of Unyanayembe in
1852.it rapidly development into a key market centre located as it was at an interaction between the trading routes to the
coast and those further inland to the Congo and north to what is today Burundi. By 1871, it was estimated to have a
population for 5000, by the 1890s the population had grown to about 20,000. The only building of significance that has
survived is the Kwihara Livingstone Tembe. The Tembe was built by a wealth Arab Slave trader in 1857. The owner gave
it to Dr. Livingstone. The building contribution continued to be throughout the colonial period, and was pronounced
historical monuments one hundred years later, in 1957 when also major repairs were done on it. Other evidence is a
mosque and residence near the Tembe, a Well, Mango trees, and coconut and date tree plantations. Ujiji Ujiji was the last
major trading center of the central of Caravan Trade Route located on the shores of Lake Tanganyika. It was a trading
centre for slave and ivory coming from different parts of Lake Tanganyika, including Eastern region of Democratic
Republic of Congo, Rwanda and Burundi. By 1876, Stanley estimated that Ujiji had a population of 3,000 It is located
within Kigoma Township, 5 km west of Kigoma Railway station. Important land marks are a site of formal port (no longer
existing) coconuts and Mango Tree Avenue, Usagara grounds where slaves used to be held and auctioned and a site
where the house of the former slave trade by the name of Tippu Tip used. A path running between Ujiji seminary and
Kaluta Primary school through Kagera village to Luiche and beyond is clearly seen and improved by big historic Mango
trees on both sides.
Name of property: Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania
Coordinates: Regions of Kilimanjaro, Tanga, Dodoma, Morogoro and Iringa37 E 3.5 S36.5E 9.5 S
Date of submission: 10/01/2006
Criteria: (vii)(Viii)(ix)(x)
Submitted by: Forest and Beekeeping Division Ministry of Natural Resources and TourismIsaya Mnangwone
WH list (name, id): Eastern Arc Mountains Forests of Tanzania
State, Province or Region:
Brief Description
The term ‘Eastern Arc’ was introduced in 1985 to describe the forest-capped ancient crystalline mountains of eastern
Tanzania and south-east Kenya, which are under the influence of the Indian Ocean climatic regime, and therefore contain
predictable local climates (Lovett 1985). The area has been identified in all the major analyses of global biological priority.
Starting in the 1970s, the ‘Eastern Arc Mountains’ were identified as a component of the Afromontane archipelago-like
regional centre of endemism by White (1983). The Eastern Arc Mountains are also a Global 200 Ecoregion of WWF
(Olson and Dinerstein 1998), part of a biodiversity hotspot of Conservation International (Mittermeier et al., 1998; 2004)
and an Endemic Bird Area of BirdLife International (ICBP 1992; Stattersfield et al., 1998). It is also one of the regions of
the world facing the most urgent threat in terms of potential species extinctions (Brooks et al., 2002; Ricketts et al., 2005).
These studies all indicate the extreme biological importance of the area in global terms. The Eastern Arc is mentioned in
the WCMC review of the coverage of World Heritage Sites as an ecoregion where there is no current World Heritage
property (Magin and Chape, 2004). Thirteen separate mountain blocks comprise the Eastern Arc. These are found in 14
Districts within 5 Regions of Tanzania (see map). Most of the remaining natural habitat on the mountains is found within
nearly 150 Government Forest Reserves, with 107 of these managed nationally for water catchment, and where forest
exploitation is not allowed. Eastern Arc forest is also protected within the Udzungwa Mountains National Park and the
Amani Nature Reserve in the East Usambara Mountains. Outside these reserves most forest has been cleared, except in
small village burial sites, a few village Forest Reserves, and inaccessible areas. In most Eastern Arc mountains the local
populations respect the reserve boundaries (where they are clear), but forest resources are used locally for fuel and
building materials and some forests are heavily degraded. Fire is also a problem as it enters and can destroy these
forests during the dry season. The future of the biodiversity on these mountains is closely tied to management policies
and capacity of the government Forest and Beekeeping Division and Tanzania National Parks Authority (in Tanzania) and
the Forest Department in Kenya. Supporting these agencies in their mandated job is an essential conservation
investment over the longer term. Nominating the Eastern Arc Mountains of Tanzania as a natural World Heritage Site
would do much to promote the global recognition of the Eastern Arc and consequently assist the Tanzanian authorities in
their mandated jobs.
Name of property: Gombe National Park
Coordinates: Lat. 4°40' - 42' South / Long. 29°45' - 46' East
Date of submission: 27/05/1997
Criteria: (i)(ii)(iv) N ; (iii)(vi) C
Submitted by: Dr. Waane , S.A.C.
WH list (name, id):
State, Province or Region:
Brief Description
Gombe National Park is mountainous 52 sq.km. of the western rift escarpment on lake Tanganyika. The valleys support
Guinea - Congolean forests, while the driar upper slopes are clothed with miombo (Brachystegia) woodland of Zambezian
type. These two floras mingle as semi-decidous forests on the valley - sides. this productive mosaic provides a rich
habitata for forest mammale especially primates (cereopithecus, colubus), but Gombe is chiefly known and valued for ots
chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes achwernfurthii) and the results of Dr Jane Goodall's study of them over thirty years.
Present hazards to this population include disease and the pressure of a dense local human population now - increased
by influx of refugees.
Name of property: Jozani - Chwaka Bay Conservation Area (#)
Coordinates: Long. 6°10' - 17' South / Lat. 39°21' - 26' East
Date of submission: 27/05/1997
Criteria: (ii)(iv) N
Submitted by: Commission for Natural Resources (Forestry) Zanzibar.
WH list (name, id):
State, Province or Region:
Brief Description
Jozani - Chwaka Bay Conversation Area is a natural protected forest reserve covering about 30km² about 23 miles South
of Zanzibar Town. The coral rag zone is habitat for wildlife species of national and international significance including the
endemic and near extinct Zanzibar leopard (P.pardus adersii), the red colobus monkey (Procolubus badius Kirkii) and the
Ader duiker (Cephalophud adersii). Jozani forest is the only area where these particular species could be preserved insitu. The forest also harbours the five important vegetation types spread over the small area not exceeding 30km² i.e. the
ground water forest: the coral rag forest ; salt marsh; mangrove forest; and sea grass beds. The present and past
modifications by men include: - a small area on the ground water forest planted with Callophyllum inophyllum considered to be indigenous and some exotics such as Casuarina equisetifolia and Eucalypts and nature trails
constructed for ecotourism activities in the ground water forest and in mangrove.
Name of property: Oldonyo Murwak
Coordinates: Lat. 3°22' South Long. 37°03' East
Date of submission: 27/05/1997
Criteria: (iii)(iv)(vi) C ; (ii) CL
Submitted by: Dr. Waane , S.A.C.
WH list (name, id):
State, Province or Region:
Brief Description
This property is a hill connected to a corridor within the Sanya Plains to the Plains to the North ogf Kilimanjaro
International Airport, in Hai District, on the Moshi-Arusha Road. The property is a religions - ritual site for the Maasai
speaking people of Kenya and Tanzania. It is on his hill that once that once every twelve to fourteen years all Maasai age
sets receive their name and through the ritual change into elders within the society.