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BIOLOGY I SEMESTER EXAM REVIEW (SPRING)
You may print this document for completion but all responses to the prompts must be hand
written. No photocopies or electronic submissions will be accepted.
1. Characteristics of arthropods.
2. Human heart – Draw, label, draw the blood flow (use red/blue, pen/pencil)
3. Explain functions of vena cava.
4. How do we get a pulse?
5. Function of ADH (hormone)
6. How is breathing controlled?
7. Where are red blood cells produced?
8. Describe blood groups – antigen and antibodies.
9. How does the diaphragm help in breathing?
10. What is the gas composition of the earth’s atmosphere?
11. Shapes of bacteria and Viruses and diseases caused by them.
12. Classification and characteristics of fungi.
13. Characteristics of gymnosperms and angiosperms. Plant Hormones, plant adaptations (Example
Cactus)
14. Structure and function of roots, stems, and leaves
15. Know the Characteristics of Invertebrates and Vertebrates
16. How do rattle snakes detect your presence?
17. Why does a snake flick its tongue?
18. What is imprinting?
19. Why is cellulose important in the diet?
20. Explain structure and function of the kidneys
21. Describe the effect of drugs on the nervous system
22. Describe the functions of the brain – cerebrum, cerebellum, medulla oblongata, and the
hypothalamus
23. Describe the male reproductive system – bulb urethral glands, seminal vesicles, prostrate
glands, and urethra
24. Describe the stages of the menstrual cycle
25. How is pus formed?
26. What is Koch’s postulates?
27. Classification system
28. Lytic and Lysogenic cycles
29. Characteristics of Protista and Algae
30. Chemical Defense in Plants
31. Every Animal systems (Human Systems)
32. Animal Behavior
33. Levels of Organization in the Body (cell to Organ system)
34. Parts of Inner ear
35. Structure of Bone and Muscles (Actin and Myosin)
36. Functions of FSH, LH, Estrogen, Testosterone, Progesterone, and, Androgen in Human
reproductive system.
37. Human Fetus Development (Stages)
Plant Systems, Animal Systems and Ecology
1. Plant reproduction: Label the numbered structures and describe their role in plant reproduction.
2. List and describe the functions of the tissues of plants.
3. Digestive enzymes: You just at a cheese burger. Describe the digestive process including both
mechanical and physical processes. List the enzyme and location where the bun is digested, the meat
is digested and the cheese is digested.
4. Succession and seasonal patterns: Contrast primary and secondary succession. Explain the driving
forces between temperate and tropical forest seasonal variation.
5. Resource partitioning: Describe how species in a community reduce competition by dividing
resources using time and space.
6. Physical adaptations to ecological selective pressures: Describe how populations can evolve
specialized structures and abilities in response to selective pressures.
7. Seasonal, short term and long term changes to ecosystems: List 2 anthropogenic (human caused)
and 2 non-anthropogenic causes of long term changes to ecosystems. Describe how each eventually
would result in a completely different ecosystem.
8. Habitat destruction: Explain how ecosystems are altered and even destroyed by human development
of residential and commercial facilities. How does this destruction impact organisms high on the
trophic pyramid?
9. Nutrient and essential component cycling: List and describe the sinks and fluxes for water, carbon,
nitrogen and phosphorus.
Body Systems
10. Trace a drop of blood through the heart (draw and describe).
11. How is Homeostasis maintained through Respiratory System? Draw and describe the structure and
function of lungs and trachea.
12. What is a diaphragm and how it helps in inhaling and exhaling the air?
13. Draw and describe the structure and function of every part of digestive system.
14. What increases the efficiency of nutrient absorption in small intestine (describe the structure of
villi)?
Classification
15. Fill in the following table
Bacteria
DOMAIN
Eukarya
Eukarya
Archaebacteria
KINGDOM
Prokaryote
CELL TYPE
CELL
STRUCTURE
Cell walls with
______________
Eukaryote
Cell walls
Cell walls of
without
______________ ___________
Cell walls of
Cell walls of
chitin
___________
# OF CELLS
MODE OF
NUTRITIION
Amoeba,
Mosses, ferns
EXAMPLES
___________
16. List two similarities and two differences between eubacteria and archaebacteria?
Similarities
Differences
a. Where are archaebacteria most likely found? ___________________________
17. Define prokaryote: ______________________________________________________
a. The most common example of a prokaryote is __________________________.
18. Which kingdom(s) include ONLY heterotrophs? ______________________________.
19. Define autotroph. _____________________________________________________
No cell
walls
Kingdom
Phyla
Write the State of Texas 6 kingdoms of
Life in the circles above
20. The science that specializes in the classification of organisms is
_____________________________.
21. The largest and most inclusive group Linnaeus’s taxonomic categories
is _____________________________.
22. In binomial nomenclature, the 2-part scientific name that is assigned to
an organism is derived from which two taxonomic categories?
____________ and ____________.
23. The organism Ursus arctos is the scientific name for a grizzly bear.
The grizzly bear belongs the the
genus ______________ and the species ________________.
24. In classifying organisms, orders are grouped together into
__________________________.
Infectious Diseases
25. List and explain the similarities and differences of cells and viruses.
26. What role do helper T cells have in the human body?
27. How do antibiotics work?
28. What type of disease(s) are antibiotics used to fight against?
29. List and explain at least 4 ways a virus can be transmitted from one host to the next.
30. Explain why viruses need a host cell.
Genetics and Evolution
QT
RK-
qtrk-
31. Choose 4 pea plant characteristics that exhibit a typical dominant/recessive relationship and build a key
above. Create both a monohybrid and Dihybrid cross. Show all of your work! List the following items for
BOTH crosses:
-parents genotypes
-offspring genotypes
-parents phenotypes
-offspring phenotypes
-phenotypic ratio of the offspring
32. What is the difference between a gene and a trait?
33. How would you determine if an allele is recessive or dominant?
34. Describe codominance and incomplete dominance.
35. Describe a karyotype and how it is used.
36. Briefly explain the concepts of natural selection, genetic drift, survival of the fittest, and founders’ effect.
37. Write a brief story of how a fossil might come to be.
38. Describe what an adaptation is and how they have helped various species to survive over time.