Download Genetics: The Science of Heredity

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Chapter 7 (pages 226-263)
______ 1. What do you call the distance between the Earth and the sun?
a. kilometer.
b. light year.
c. astronomical unit.
d. orbit
______ 2. In a heliocentric system, Earth revolves around
a. Mars.
c. the moon.
b. the stars.
d. the sun.
______ 3. Each planet’s orbit is a(n) _________________shape.
a. square
c. ellipse
b. circle
d. different.
______ 4. Many scientists believe that the solar system formed from
a. an expanding galaxy.
b. a giant cloud of gas and dust.
c. ice.
d. a black hole.
______ 5. Scientists have found several small, irregular, rocky objects that orbit the sun called
a. meteorites.
c. meteors.
b. comets.
d. asteroids.
______ 6. The sun produces energy by
a. attracting it with the force of gravity.
b. nuclear reactions
c. burning fuels such as oil.
d. solar energy.
______ 7. What layer are you looking at when you look at an image of the sun?
a. photosphere
c. corona
b. chromosphere
d. prominence
______ 8. Which part of the sun produces energy to power the sun?
a. chromosphere.
c. corona.
b. photosphere.
d. core.
______ 9. What do the four outer planets have in common?
a. They are much larger than Earth and are made mainly of hydrogen and helium.
b. They are about the same size as Earth and are made mainly of
hydrogen and helium.
c. They are much larger than Earth and are made mainly of iron.
d. They are about the same size as Earth and are made mainly of iron.
______ 10. What do all of the inner planets have in common?
a. They all have rings.
b. They all have abundant liquid water.
c. They all have many moons.
d. They all are small, dense, and have rocky surfaces.
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11. The greenhouse effect makes Venus the hottest planet in our solar system.
12. The solar system consists of the sun, eight planets and their moons, and
several kinds of smaller objects.
13. Mars and Venus have atmospheres that are mostly carbon dioxide.
14. Jupiter’s Great Red Spot is a(n) storm, and is larger than Earth.
15. A meteoroid that hits Earth’s surface is called a(n) meteorite.
16. A shooting star is a(n) meteor.
17. Comets are collections of ice, dust, and small rocky particles that orbit the
sun.
18. Saturn’s rings are made of chunks of ice and rock.
19. Why are sunspots darker than the rest of the sun?
They appear to be darker because they are made of gas that is cooler than
the surrounding areas. Cooler gases appear darker.
20. Name 3 things an object needs in order to be a planet.
1. Must be round _____________________________________
2. orbit the sun _______________________________________
3. cleared out the region of the solar system along its orbit (the orbit’s path is
cleared)
21. Fill out the chart below.
Characteristics of inner planets
Characteristics of outer planets
are small
much larger than Earth
dense
more massive than Earth
have rocky surfaces
Do not have solid surfaces
.
22. How are Earth and Venus similar? How are they different?
Earth and Venus are similar in size, density, and internal structure.
However, Venus rotates very slowly from east to west. Earth rotates much
more quickly from west to east. Venus has a thick atmosphere that is mostly
carbon dioxide. Earth’s atmosphere is mostly nitrogen and oxygen. Because
of its atmosphere, and because Venus is closer to the sun, Venus is much
hotter than Earth. Unlike Venus, Earth has liquid water on much of its
surface.
23. Why do outer planets have a revolution longer than the Earth’s revolution?
They have a much larger orbit than Earth, they are further away from the
sun, they are much larger as well.
24. What is a benefit of using astronomical units to measure distances in space?
Distances within the solar system are so large that they cannot be easily
measured in meters or kilometers.
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© Pearson Education, Inc., or its affiliates. All rights reserved.