Download Grade 11 Biology Review

SBI3UI - Grade 11 Biology Review
Diversity of Life
1. List the seven main levels or (taxa) in our present classification system. Make up a
pneumonic to remember the order.
2. Define the term phylogeny.
3. What is a dichotomous key? Create a dichotomous key for 6 different types of foods.
4. List two rules with regards to naming an organism using binomial nomenclature.
5. Define the term “taxonomy”
6. Consider the following chart:
Common Name
Binomial Name
Family Name
Order
(Genus and Species)
Wolf
Canis lupus
Canidae
Carnivora
Mink
Mustela vison
Mustelidae
Carnivoa
Brown bat
Myotis lucifugus
Vespertiliondae
Chiropter
House cat
Felix domesticus
Felidae
Carnivora
Coyote
Canis lantrans
Canidae
Carnivora
Skunk
Miphilis mephilis
Mustelidae
Carnivora
a) Which are the most closely related? Why?
b) Which is the closest animal to the skunk? Why?
c) Which organism is most unlike the others? Why?
7. List 5 characteristics of living organisms.
8. Draw a picture of a bacterial cell and label the following parts:
Nucleoid (chromosome/DNA), cytoplasmic membrane, cell wall, capsule, pili, plasmids, ribosomes,
flagellum.
9. Describe the structure of a typical virus.
10. Describe the lytic cycle. What are the four basic steps in the cycle?
11. What is the lysogenic cycle? How does this cycle differ from the lytic cycle?
12. Name 3 ways in which you can reduce the risk of viral infections.
13. Name 4 common characteristics of all bacteria. (Archaebacteria and Eubacteria)
14. Eubacteria are classified according to their shapes. What are the 3 basic shapes?
15. Design a chart to compare Eubacteria to Archaebacteria with respect to the following characteristics:
differences in physical characteristics, habitat and nutrition.
16. Explain why it is very important to take all your prescribed antibiotics. What could happen if you do not
follow this advice?
17. Name three benefits of bacteria.
18. What are the three main groups of protists?
19. Match the following:
___ a) Euglenophyta
i)
Only algae that is both autotrophic and heterotrophic
___ b) Chrysophyta
ii)
Brown algae, food source
___ c) Pyrrophyta
iii)
Have shells made of silica, known as diatoms
___ d) Phaephyta
iv)
Green algae, have cellulose in cell walls
___ e) Rhodophyta
v)
Dinoflagellates, responsible for red-tides
___ f) Chlorophyta
vi)
Red algae, part of coral reefs.
20. List 4 ways in which plants are similar to fungi. List 4 ways in which they differ.
21. List three beneficial uses of fungi.
22. Explain how digestion in fungi occurs.
Cells/Genetics
1. Know the function of each organelle in a typical plant and animal cell.
2. State 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
3. Label a typical plant/animal cell.
4. What are the stages of the cell cycle?
5. Draw a cell in the following stages: (2n = 6)
a) mitosis: metaphase c) meiosis: anaphase
b) mitosis: prophase d) meiosis: prophase
6. List three reasons why cells need to divide.
7. Why are cells small?
8. In what stage does a cell spend most of its life?
9. Copy the following chart and fill in the correct answers.
Mitosis
Meiosis
In what type of cell(s) does
this process occur?
No. of cell divisions
Type of cell produced: haploid
(1n) or diploid (2n)
No. of offspring from one
parent
Is parent cell haploid (1n) or
diploid (2n)
Same/different from parent
Same/different from other
offspring
Is offspring haploid (1n)or
diploid (2n)
10. Describe two ways in which a genetic disorder could occur.
11. Describe how non-disjunction occurs in meiosis I and II.
12. What is a karyotype? Why might a doctor recommend a karyotype for an unborn
child of a 45 year old mother?
13. State Mendel’s “Law of Segregation”
14. State Mendel’s “Law of Independent Assortment”.
15. Describe what happens to the chromosomes during “prophase I” of meiosis.
16. Know all the stages of mitosis and meiosis.
17. Define the terms: heterozygous, homozygous, hybrid, pure, genotype and phenotype.
18. How many traits are observed in a dihybrid cross?
19. Brown eyes are dominant over blue, curly hair is dominant over straight hair.
a) Give the genotype for an individual who is homozygous recessive for the
eye colour gene and heterozygous for the hair gene.
b) If a heterozygous brown-eyed, straight-haired man marries a homozygous
brown-eyed, curly-haired woman, what will the possible phenotypes of their
children be?
20. A striped twiddlebug is married to a polka dotted twiddlebug. All their offspring are born with stripes
and polka dots. This is an example of what type of inheritance.
21. An individual has the following genotype for two traits: AABb. What are the possible gametes this
individual could produce?
22. In humans, the gene for remote prowess is recessive and is carried only on the X chromosome (x linked).
A male remote control freak is crossed with a heterozygous female. Predict the phenotype of the
offspring.
23. Two babies were accidentally mixed up in the hospital, and there was question of which baby belonged
to which parents. From the following blood types, determine which baby belongs to which parents.
Baby 1 – Type O
Baby 2 – Type A
Mrs. Simpson B
Mr. Simpson AB
Mrs. Flintstone B
Mr. Flintstone B.
24. Explain why more males than females inherit sex-linked recessive diseases.
25. What is a pedigree chart? Know how to assign genotypes to individuals based on clues from their
parents, siblings and children.
Evolution
1. List the advantages and disadvantages of artificial selection.
2. Describe the possible impact of an environmental change on natural selection and on the vulnerability of
species.
3. Define evolution.
4. Explain Lamarck’s proposed mechanism for evolution. What part did he get right? What was proven
wrong with respect to his theory?
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How did Lyell’s ideas about geology influence Darwin’s ideas about evolution?
How did Malthus’s ideas about human populations lead Darwin to his theory on Natural selection?
Why was it important for Darwin to be both a biologist and geologist?
What were Georges Buffon’s conclusions from his study of fossils?
What is an adaptation? Give an example.
What is natural selection?
Some traits are inherited and others are acquired during your lifetime. Can an inherited trait be altered
during your lifetime? Give an example. Can altered traits then be passed down to your offspring? Why
or why not?
How are fossils important evidence for evolution?
Why might distantly related species in different geological areas share similar traits? Would theses traits
be analogous or homologous?
Do homologous structures in related species always perform the same functions? Explain.
An upland goose has webbed feet and never enters the water. For this vestigial feature, hypothesize its
ancient function and suggest a scenario that would have led to the loss of the function.
What can you infer about two specifies that differ significantly in their DNA sequences?
Explain why variation is essential to natural selection.
List and describe five types of evidence that support the theory of evolution.
List factors that can alter the gene pool of a population.
Describe the following terms: Catastrophism, uniformitarianism, punctuated equilibrium, gradualism,
genetic drift, bottleneck effect, founder effect, gene flow.
Describe 4 patterns of selection, i.e. stabilizing selection, directional selection, disruptive selection,
sexual selection.
Differentiate between the two theories proposed to explain the rate of evolution.
Internal Systems:
Digestion
1. Be able to label diagrams from this unit. e.g., digestive system, circulatory system (heart), respiratory
system.
2. What region(s) of the digestive system are responsible for starch digestion? What enzyme(s) is/are
used?
3. What regions(s) of the digestive system are responsible for the digestion of proteins? Name the
enzyme(s) responsible in each region.
4. Describe the difference between physical and chemical digestion of lipids.
5. Describe two important activities that occur in the large intestine?
6. Which nutrients are absorbed through the villi, and directly into the bloodstream? Which nutrients are
first absorbed through the villi and into lymph vessels, later to drain into the circulatory system?
7. Describe the appearance of the inside of the small intestine wall. How does this structure aid in
absorption of nutrients?
8. Follow the path of some “fibre”, as it enters your mouth and travels through your entire digestive tract.
9. List in order the nutrients your body would use as an energy source.
10. How are carbohydrates stored in plants?, in animals?
Circulation
1. Describe the path of a red blood cell through the circulatory system. Begin as the de-oxygenated cell
enters the heart (from the body) and end with the oxygen-rich cell leaving the heart for another trip
through the body.
2. Define “veins”. What type of blood do they typically carry? Are there any exceptions?
3. Define “arteries”. What type of blood do they typically carry? Are there any exceptions?
4. Design a chart to compare veins and arteries based on the following criteria:
-elasticity of vessel
-blood pressure in the vessel
- presence of valves
-diseases associated with the vessel
5. Describe the difference between systolic and diastolic pressure.
6. What is the purpose of the lymph system?
7. Describe the position of the heart valves when:
a) the ventricles are contracting.
b) the atria are contracting.
8. What causes the sounds we hear when listening to our heart beat?
9. What happens to your heart rate as you exercise? Why does this occur? What area in the brain regulates
our heart rates?
10. Describe systemic vs. pulmonary circulation
Respiration
1. Identify the parts of the respiratory system. Know the function of each part.
2. Follow the pathway of an oxygen molecule from the classroom into the bloodstream of your body.
3. Describe the mechanics of breathing. What two muscles/sets of muscles are involved in breathing?
Explain what happens when we inspire. Describe what is happening to the muscles involved. How does
this affect the size and pressure of the chest cavity? What happens as a result of these changes?
4. What is the main factor/variable in our bodies which affects our rate and depth of breathing? Where in
our bodies is this controlled?
5. Describe the mechanics of a heart attack.
6. Describe the relationship between the three systems studied and the cells in our bodies. (Digestive,
Circulatory and Respiratory)
Plants
1. Plants and People - How do we use them?
2. Organs, Tissues, Cells – transport in plants (xylem, phloem, transpiration…)
- Label leaf diagram
3. Define the terms: Gametophyte, sporophyte, primary growth, secondary growth
4. Compare monocots and dicots.
5. Describe the role of each plant hormone.
6. How are water and sugars distributed throughout a plant.
7. Pg 435 #12, 13, 19, 20, 22 – 27a, 29, 31, 44, 46, 49, 53 – 58
Biotechnology:
1. Review topics presented in biotechnology