Download WH10 SAQ4 Chapter Prologue_4 The Enlightenment and

World History Questions
Name: ____________________________
Prologue, Section 4: The Enlightenment and the Democratic Revolutions
1. Review: What did the Renaissance
encourage people to do:
a. reach their full potential, or
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b. hide in a closet and rub dirt in their hair
while pulling their teeth out?
2. Fill in the blanks: Enlightenment
thinkers used the principles of _____ and
the methods of ______.
3. From whom did Enlightenment
thinkers get the idea that there were
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natural laws that humans could observe?
4. From whom did Enlightenment
thinkers get the idea that all human
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beings were equal?
5. Beginning around 1500, scientists used
the scientific method to discover laws of
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nature. Enlightenment thinkers applied
the same method to what?
6. What type of government did Thomas
24Hobbes think was best?
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7. Define: social contract
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8. What is the name given to rights that
are God given and cannot (or at least
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should not) be taken away?
9. John Locke wrote that all people had
three basic rights by nature. What were
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they?
10. What three rights are mentioned in
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the Declaration of Independence?
11. Locke said people had a fourth right,
if a government violated (went against)
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one of the first three? What was it?
12. According to Locke, from whom does
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a government get its right to govern?
13. Jean Jacques Rousseau lived in
France, not South Carolina. But his idea
that people should come together to
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defend each other’s freedoms has the
same first letters as South Carolina. What
is that idea?
14. Montesquieu had the idea that
government should be divided into three 25
branches. What’s this idea called?
15. What were the two big complaints
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that American colonists (people in
American before America won its
independence from England) against Britan?
16. In what Massachusetts city did the
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American Revolution begin on 4/19/1775?
17. Which Enlightenment idea from John
Locke (and Rousseau) most influenced
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the U.S. the writers of the Declaration of
Independence?
18. Why did the founders of our nation
want a weak central government? What
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did they fear?
19. Why did the original U.S. government
(only a Congress, no president with most
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power in the individual states) fail?
20. What was the basic question that the
writers of the U.S. Constitution were
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faced with and what was there answer?
21. What is another word for
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“representative government”?
22. In a federal system, power is shared
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between who and who?
23. What idea in our Constitution did our
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founders borrow from Montesquieu?
24. How long did James Madison spend
reading books of the Enlightenment
thinkers Locke, Montesquieu, Rousseau
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and Voltaire in preparation for the
Constitutional Convention of 1787?
25. Which came first, the American or
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French Revolution?
26. In what way was French society
unequal and unfair to common people in
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the 18th century (1700’s)?
27. For what other reason were the
French peasants (farmers) unhappy and
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restless (and hungry!) in the 1780’s?
28. Desperate for tax money, King Louis
XVI (the sixteenth) called what assembly
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together, which represented
(supposedly) all the people?
29. The commoners (lowest class)
stormed out of the Estates-General and
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formed their owned assembly called
what?
30. What was the French version of the
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Declaration of Independence called?
31. The U.S. Constitution set up a federal
form of government with a separation of
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powers. What form of government did the
French National Assembly set up?
32. How did the French National
Assembly try to limit the power of the
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Catholic Church?
33. What three people or groups inside of
France were against the National
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Assembly and the French Revolution?
34. Why did leaders in other European
countries around France invade France to 28
try to stop the French Revolution?
35. What happened during the Reign of
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Terror?
36. Why did the American Revolution
succeed and the French Revolution fail?
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What was the key difference?
37. According to the text, what four
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things must a democracy have to work?
38. When was the United Nations
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founded?
39. What is the main assembly of the
United Nations called (in which all
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member nations are represented?)
40. For the first time in world history, the
nations of the world came together in
1948 and together agreed upon a list of
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rights for all people in the world. What
was this document called?
41. Which of the following rights is not
the United Nations’ Universal Declaration
of Human Rights?
a. The Right to Life, Liberty, and Security
b. Equal Protection under the Law
c. The right to free movement
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d. The right to free assembly (w/ other
people)
e. The right to have work
f. The right to rest and leisure
g. The right to an education
h. The right to a really really bad hair day.
42. Why do you suppose the idea of
democracy has survived for the last 2,500
years despite attempts by many rulers,
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armies and police forces to stamp it out
and gain total power for them selves?
43. Does the future (your future!) of the
world belong to democracy or tyranny?
Which will win out in the end or will we
always have both? Explain your answer.