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Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ Questions and Summary(30 pts) Main Idea – The issue of slavery dominated U.S. politics in the 1850s and led to increased sectional tensions between the North and South. Differences Between North and South - North – o economy based on manufacturing and ___________________________________ o _______________________________ construction very common o __________________________________(growth of cities) o __________________________________ from European countries was common - South – o economy based on _____________________________ and _________________ o _____________________________ was the major cash crop o lack of railroads and industry o no significant European _____________________________ to the South Slavery in the Territories - ____________________________________ – def. – plan to ban slavery from expanding into lands won from Mexico during the Mexican War o SIG – sparked sectional conflict over ________________ issue – North vs. South - ____________________________ applied for statehood as a free state o ______________________ of 1849 led to an explosion in California’s population o Upset Southerners – demanded that slavery be allowed to expand West Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ The Compromise of 1850 - Background: _____________________________ (aka “The Great Compromiser”) - wanted to avoid conflict between North and South, developed a compromise - _________________________ - admitted to the Union as a free state _____________________ and _______________ territories would use popular sovereignty to decide slavery issue o _____________________________________ – def. – the residents of a territory would vote for or against slavery - New Mexico and Texas border dispute settled in favor of _________________________, but Texas received debts paid by federal government - _______________________________ in Washington D.C. was abolished o Very popular in the North, very controversial in the South - New _______________________________________ passed in order to return escaped slaves to plantations in the South o Very popular in the South, very controversial in the __________________ Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ Idea – Proslavery factions in the South and antislavery factions in the North disagreed over the treatment of fugitive slaves and the spread of slavery to the territories. This resulted in increased sectionalism between the regions. Fugitive Slaves and the Underground Railroad - Northerners angered by the new ______________________________________ - part of the Compromise of 1850 o runaway slaves could NOT testify in court and no trial by jury o Helping an escaped slave resulted in fines and jail time - ________________________________________ – def. – secret network of abolitionists who would help fugitive slaves escape to the North and Canada o __________________________________ – former slave and “conductor” on the underground railroad Made 19 trips and helped 300 people to freedom Nicknamed “________________” of her people for her efforts - ________________________________________ (1852) – antislavery Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ novel o Written by _________________________________________________ o Attacked the institution of slavery as evil, became a bestseller in the North o SIG – increased sectional tensions between North and South Tensions in Kansas - __________________________________________ (1854) – Stephen Douglas’ plan to organize territories in the West o _______________________________________ - settlers in the territories would vote for or against slavery in both Kansas and Nebraska o Repealed the _______________________________ – Kansas and Nebraska were both north of the 36 30’ parallel line (slavery had been banned North of that line) o SIG – sectional tensions exploded – Northerners resented the idea that slavery could expand to lands where slavery had been banned led to the formation of the ______________________________________ - “_______________________________________” – violence erupted as pro-slavery and anti-slavery settlers rushed to Kansas and began fighting with each other o Two rival governments were set up for the Kansas territory Pro-slavery capital = ________________________ Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ Anti-slavery capital = __________ __________ ___ o “_______________ ________________ _______” – proslavery men burned and looted an antislavery town o “_______________ ________________ _______” – Five slave owners murdered with broad-swords in Kansas by abolitionist ________________ ______________ o SIG – Kansas erupted in its own civil war - “_________________________________” – Senator Charles Sumner (Massachusetts) was beaten with a cane by Preston Brooks (South Carolina) in the U.S. Senate o SIG – sectional tensions increased – North defended Sumner, South cheered Brooks 10.3 Main Idea – In the mid-1850s, the issue of slavery and other factors split political parties and led to the birth of new ones, including the Republican Party. New Political Parties Emerge - Background: _____________________ – collapsed by 1854 due to conflicts over slavery - ___________________________________ (aka American Party) – established 1854 o Members believed in ______________________ – def. – favoring of native-born Americans over immigrants o anti-immigrant and ____________________________________ Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ - ___________________________ – established 1854 in reaction to Kansas Nebraska Act o Opposed to the __________________________________ into western territories o Supported by many people in the _____________as a result of “Bleeding Kansas” 10.4 Main Idea – A series of controversial events heightened the sectional conflict that brought the nation to the brink of civil war. Slavery Dominates Politics - President _____________________________________ - elected in 1856 o Weak and indecisive at dealing with the slavery issue o Typical of____________________________ presidential leadership in the 1850s - Dred Scott v. Sandford (aka __________________________________________) (1857) o Background: Dred Scott – African American slave from Missouri who sued for his freedom because his master had moved him to the free state of Illinois o Roger B. Taney (Chief Justice) - ruled that African Americans ____________________________________________ _______________________________________ line was unconstitutional because it violated property rights o SIG – decision hated by __________ and cheered by __________ = sectionalism - - ____________________________________________ (1858) o Dealt with slavery in the western territories as part of their senate race in 1858 o SIG - Douglas won the senate race, but Lincoln became known throughout the North as a possible presidential candidate in 1860 _________________________’s Raid on _______________________________ (1859) o John Brown – abolitionist who wanted to lead a _________________ in the South o ___________________________ – federal armory and arsenal in Virginia Brown’s goal was to capture weapons for slaves and lead revolt Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ o John Brown was captured and _______________________ for treason o SIG – sectionalism between North and South exploded In the __________________, John Brown was viewed as an evil murderer In the North, some people viewed Brown as a heroic ___________, others agreed with his views but thought that he was too radical in his actions Lincoln is Elected President - ____________________________ – revealed sectionalism between the North and South o Candidates ________________________________ (Republican) Stephen Douglas (_________________ Democrat) John C. Breckenridge (_________________ Democrat) John Bell (Constitutional Union Party) o Lincoln won electoral college but only won 39% of popular vote He won all _______________________ states He won no _______________________ states o SIG – _________ was upset at Lincoln’s election – led directly to secession crisis Southern Secession - ____________________________________ (1860-1861) Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ o ___________________ – seceded from the Union as a result of Lincoln’s election o Followed by Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas - _______________________________________________ (CSA) – Confederacy created by southern states that seceded from the Union o Emphasized ______________________________ o Devoted to the protection of _________________________ o _________________________________ = president of the CSA - President _______________________ did nothing in response = ineffective leader Complete the MAP on the next page: Label all of the states Color the North and the South different colors List the states below that were apart of the Union and the Confederacy: UNION CONFEDERACY Antebellum United States an Southern Secession! Name:________________________________________ Summary: