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Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standard VUS.9a SUMMARY Demonstrate knowledge of the emerging role of the United States in world affairs by explaining the changing policies of the United States toward Latin America and Asia and the growing influence of the United States in foreign markets. Essential Understandings Many 20th century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a world power at the end of the 19th century. America’s intervention in World War I ensured her role as a world power for the remainder of the century. The growing role of the United States in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new markets. Essential Knowledge Creation of international markets Open Door Policy—Secretary of State John Hay proposed a policy that would give all nations equal trading rights in China. Dollar diplomacy—President Taft urged American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. He promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened their investments. Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I—the first era of a true “global economy.” Latin America Spanish American War - Puerto Rico was annexed by the United States. - The United States asserted the right to intervene in Cuban affairs. Panama Canal and the role of Theodore Roosevelt - United States encouraged Panama’s independence from Columbia. - Parties negotiated a treaty to build the canal. Standard VUS.9 Asia and the Pacific Hawaii—U.S. efforts to depose Hawaii’s monarchy; U.S. annexation of Hawaii Philippines—Annexed after Spanish American War Open Door Policy—Urged all foreigners in China to obey Chinese law, and to observe fair competition -1- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standard VUS.9a ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Directions: Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the content of standard VUS.9a. 1 Why did the United States abandon its traditional isolationist foreign policy? ___________________________________________________________________________________ . ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 How did the United States expand its influences in the world? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Standard VUS.9 -2- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standard VUS.9b SUMMARY Demonstrate knowledge of the emerging role of the United States in world affairs by evaluating United States involvement in World War I, including Wilson’s Fourteen Points, the Treaty of Versailles, and the national debate over treaty ratification and the League of Nations. Essential Understandings While American entry into World War I ensured Allied victory, the failure to conclude a lasting peace left a bitter legacy. Essential Knowledge U.S. involvement in World War I The war began in Europe in 1914 when Germany and Austria-Hungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia. For three years, America remained neutral, and there was strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war. Fourteen Points Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war Key - ideas Self-determination Freedom of the seas League of Nations Mandate system The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German submarine warfare (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain. Americans wanted to “make the world safe for democracy.” (Wilson) America’s military resources of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat. Treaty of Versailles The French and English insisted on punishment of Germany. A League of Nations was created. National boundaries were redrawn, creating many new nations. Standard VUS.9 League debate in United States Objections to U.S. foreign policy decisions made by an international organization, not by U.S. leaders Senate’s failure to approve Treaty of Versailles -3- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standard VUS.9b ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS Directions: Answer the following questions to check your understanding of the content of standard VUS.9b. 1 Why did the U.S. become involved in World War I? ___________________________________________________________________________________ . ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ 2 How did visions of the postwar world differ? ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________________ Standard VUS.9 -4- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History Standards VUS.9a, 9b REVIEW Directions: Complete each sentence below with a term from the word bank. Write the letter of the term in the blank. Word Bank a. Cuban n. John Hay b. intervention o. Spanish American c. self-determination p. Panama Canal d. punishment q. Europe e. investments r. Theodore Roosevelt f. League of Nations s. World War I g. markets t. military resources h. neutral u. annexed i. Treaty of Versailles v. democracy j. “global economy” w. Philippines k. redrawn x. submarine warfare l. Dollar diplomacy y. Open Door m. international z. world power ____ 1. Many 20th century American foreign policy issues have their origins in America’s emergence as a ______________ at the end of the 19 th century. ____ 2. America’s ______________ in World War I ensured her role as a world power for the remainder of the century. ____ 3. The growing role of the United States in international trade displayed the American urge to build, innovate, and explore new _____________. ____ 4. Secretary of State ____________ proposed the Open Door policy, designed to give all nations equal trading rights in China. ____ 5. President Taft made ____________ the cornerstone of his foreign policy. This called for American banks and businesses to invest in Latin America. ____ 6. Taft promised that the United States would step in if unrest threatened these _______________. ____ 7. Growth in international trade occurred from the late 1800s to World War I— the first era of a true ________________. ____ 8. Puerto Rico was annexed by the U.S. as a result of the U.S. victory in the ______________________ War. ____ 9. The U.S. also asserted the right to intervene in __________ affairs as a result of its victory in the Spanish American War. ____ 10. Under the leadership of President _________________, the U.S. encouraged Panama’s independence from Columbia. Standard VUS.9 -5- Virginia Standards of Learning Workbook – Virginia and United States History ____ 11. The U.S. negotiated a treaty with newly independent Panama for the U.S. to build the _______________. ____ 12. The United States made efforts to depose Hawaii’s monarchy. In 1898, the U.S. ______________ Hawaii. ____ 13. After the Spanish American War in 1898, the U.S. annexed the _____________. ____ 14. The _______________ Policy urged all foreigners to obey Chinese law, and to observe fair competition. ____ 15. While American entry into ___________________ ensured Allied victory, the failure to conclude a lasting peace left a bitter legacy. ____ 16. World War I began in _____________ in 1914, when Germany and AustriaHungary went to war with Britain, France, and Russia. ____ 17. For three years, America remained _______________, and there was a strong sentiment not to get involved in a European war. ____ 18. The decision to enter the war was the result of continuing German _______________ (freedom of the seas) and American ties to Great Britain. ____ 19. Americans wanted to the “make the world safe for _________________.” (Wilson) ____ 20. America’s ____________________ of soldiers and war materials tipped the balance of the war and led to Germany’s defeat. ____ 21. Wilson’s plan to eliminate the causes of war included the concepts of _____________________, freedom of the seas, a League of Nations, and a mandate system. ____ 22. The French and English insisted on _________________ of Germany. ____ 23. A _____________________ was created at the Treaty of Versailles. ____ 24. National boundaries were _____________, creating many new nations. ____ 25. In the debate in the United States over the League of Nations, many objected to U.S. foreign policy decisions being made by an _______________ organization, and not by U.S. leaders. ____ 26. In the end, the Senate failed to approve (ratify) the ___________________. Standard VUS.9 -6-