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Geography 364 Study Guide for Midterm #2 Below is a brief listing of terms and sample questions designed to guide your studies for the midterm exam. Please keep in mind that material I covered in class is the most likely material to be on the exam. This list is not meant to be entirely comprehensive so there may be material that is not on here that will be on the exam. However, if you keep up on reading and come to lecture, you will do well on the exam. Chapter 7: Terminology Milankovitch cycles Orogeny Plate tectonics Theory of continental drift Paleoclimate Paleontology Sea floor paleomagnetism Mid-oceanic ridge Ice age Glaciation Sample Questions: What evidence do we have that supports continental drift? What are the explanations for glaciations? Describe the conditions (climatic and vegetation) of the earth’s biomes during the last glaciation. Chapter 8: Terminology Anemochores Anemohydrochores Anthropocore Barrier Colonization Corridor Diffusion Dispersal Exponential population growth Filter Hydrochore Invasion Irruption Jump dispersal Logistic growth Propagule Stepping stones Supertramp Zoochore Sample Questions: Give evidence indicating that all species, including humans, are influenced by environmental change. What is the difference between colonization and invasion? What are the two primary forms of dispersal? Chapter 9: Terminology Adaptive radiation Allele Allopatric speciation Bottleneck Chromosome Coevolution Convergent evolution DNA Evolution Exticntion Founder principle (effect) Gene Genetic drift Genome Genotypic variation Heterozygous Hybridization Local extinction Natural selection Parapatric speciation Phenotypic variation Polymorphism Speciation Sympatric speciation Trophic cascade Sample Questions What is the difference between sympatric and allopatric speciation? What is adaptive radiation? Give an example of a situation where this might occur. What is a trophic cascade? Why should this be of concern to humans? What are the major extinctions that have occurred over geologic time? Chapters 11 & 12 Terminology Artificial selection Bipedal Blitzkrieg theory of Pleistocene overkill Domestication Fertile Crescent Historic extinctions Hominid Out of Africa model Out of Asia model New World primates (general description, not species) Old World primates (general description, not species) Pentadactyl Prehistoric extinction Megafaunal extinction Sample Questions: How are humans different from other primate species? What factors may have influenced the rise of bipedalism? Give an example of prehistoric extinction? Chapters 13/14 Terminology Biodiversity Equilibrium theories of biodiversity Theory of island biogeography Historical theories of biodiversity Intermediate disturbance hypothesis Peninsula effect Species eveness Species richness Species turnover Stability-time hypothesis Endemic Paleoendemic Cosmopolitan Pandemic Relict Sample questions: What is biodiversity? Why is it important? What are the two categories of theories on biodiversity? Give an example of two equilibrium theories of biodiversity. What is the intermediate disturbance hypothesis? What is the significance of the theory of island biogeography? * You should be able to reproduce the first (most basic graphic) of island biogeography and be able to discuss it. Wetlands Lecture: Terminology Wetland NWI Cowardin Classificaiton Marine Estuarine Palustrine Riverine Lacustrine Sample Questions: How much wetland area has been lost in California? What is the State Wetlands Conservation Policy? What method does NWI use to classify wetlands? Chapter 15\Conservation: Conservation biology Landscape ecology Conservation biogeography Endangered Species Act International Union for Conservation of Nature Convention on Trade in Endangered Species Sample Questions: What is the number one major cause of endangerment of global mammals and bird species? What habitat types are being the most impacted? Why is global warming an important issue with regard to conservation and biogeography? What are the three goals of conservation biology? Why has geography become an important discipline within the field of conservation?
