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Anti-Semitism hostility toward and prejudice against Jews can take many forms e.g. jokes, stereotypes, slogans, vandalism of synagogues and cemeteries, persecutions, killing, and genocide. Three Major Historical Examples of Anti-Semitism 1. 2. 3. Ghettos during the Middle Ages in throughout Europe special area of a city where Jews were required by law to live often overcrowded, sunless quarters in the worst part of cities gated and locked at night ravaged by Crusaders on their way to the Holy Land Pogroms eviction and massacre of Jews in Russia at many sites (1881 – 1921) forced many Jews to immigrate to North America between 1870 - 1940 the Jewish population in the U.S. rose from 0.25 million to 4.5 million Sho’ah or the Holocaust Holocaust: -from the Hebrew “burnt offering” -suggests an offering of something sacred to god, which the event certainly was not, so many prefer the term… Sho’ah -Hebrew term for “catastrophe”, “disaster”, or “devastation” Horrific acts of anti-Semitism by the Nazi government in Germany (1935-45) At death camps throughout eastern Europe, Jews suffered starvation, mutilation, infection, gassing and burning corpses were robbed of hair and gold teeth, skins, bones and body fat were put to experimental or industrial uses attempted genocide/extermination of Jews from Europe 6 million Jews died (5 million adults and 1 million children), one third of the world’s Jewish population exhaustion, beating, Theories to Explain Anti-Semitism from Witty , I.E. “A Rabbi Discusses Anti-Semitism” in Canada and the world, (09/72) 1. Religious Minority theory Jews are set apart religiously from the dominant Christian society They do not accept the divinity of Jesus, the authority of the New Testament, or the observance of Christian ritual (Christmas, Easter etc) 2. Christian Propaganda Theory Belief that the Jews are responsible for the death of Jesus and other atrocities, as was taught by Christian churches promoted and condoned anti-Semitic acts/laws 3. Non-Assimilation theory Refusal of the Jews to assimilate into the general society in which they live E.g., food, clothing, Sabbath 4. Racist theory Claims the Jewish race is of inferior genetic stock backed by pseudo-scientific proof 5. Scapegoat theory in any given society a scapegoats are needed upon whom social ills can be blamed Jews are convenient and easily identifiable targets to blame for complex social/ political/economic problems 6. Psychoanalytic theory Anti-Semitism is really an unconscious hatred of Christianity itself It is unacceptable for a Christian to condemn his own faith, which makes strong moral and ethical demands, he displaces his aggression by aiming his hatred at Jews from those ranks the founder of the church emerged Similar to Oedipal conflict 7. Xenophobia theory The fear/hatred of strangers Jews constantly being expelled, moving to new places Jews are often seen as aliens in society, a sense of Judaeophobia (fear of Jews) develops