Download 1) Which statement is true?

Multiple choice questions
1 The Kidney
1) Which statement is true?
1. We have one kidney, located in the back of the abdomen, which is about 11-14 centimeters in
length
2. We have several kidneys, located just above the bladder, which are about 11-14 centimeters in
length
3. We two kidneys, located in the back of the abdomen, which are about 11-14 centimeters in
length
4. None of the other answers are true
2) How does the kidney receive oxygen from the heart?
1.
2.
3.
4.
From the descending aorta, through the renal artery, into the kidney.
From the descending aorta, through the renal vein, into the kidney.
From the inferior vena cava, through the renal artery, into the kidney.
From the inferior vena cava, through the renal vein, into the kidney.
3) Which statement is true?
1. Each kidney has several nephrons, which regulate the balance of many essential elements such
as electrolytes
2. Each kidney has a million nephrons, which carry out most of the functions of the kidneys
3. Each kidney has an inner- and outer-nephron, which filter the blood and remove waste products
and fluids
4. Nephrons remove waste products and are located just outside of the kidney
4) What is the initial part of the Nephrons filtering system?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Glomerulus
The collecting duct
The renal veins
The proximal tubule
5) Which of these is *NOT* a function of the kidney?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Hormone production
Maintaining the acid-base balance
Regulating glucose levels
Excretion of drugs
6) Which statement about renal failure (also called kidney failure) is true:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Low blood pressure and heart failure are examples of pre-renal causes
Glomerular nephritis is an example of a post-renal cause of renal failure
Acute renal failure is typically caused by something inside the kidney
Chronic renal failure is a decline in kidney function over a period of a few days to several weeks
7) Which statement is true?
1. Patients are typically taught how to do hemodialysis at home, and does not need to take place
in a hospital or clinic
2. In hemodialysis, dialysate fluid is pumped through a catheter into the hemoneal cavity of the
patient.
3. To clean the blood of a patient with hemodialysis, it is pumped into a machine where it is
cleaned
4. Hemodialysis is the often the best form of treatment for renal failure, especially for chronic
renal failure.
8) Homodialysis is done in several steps, what is the correct order of these steps?
1. Blood is pumped into a Dialyser, dialysate fluid is added, blood is pumped back into the patient
together with dialysate fluid
2. Dialysate fluid is added to the blood, it is then pumped into a Dialyser, blood is pumped back
into the patient together with dialysate fluid
3. Blood is pumped into a Dialyser, dialysate fluid is added and then removed, blood is pumped
back into the patient
4. Dialysate fluid is added to the blood, it is then pumped into a Dialyser, the dialysate fluid is
removed, blood is pumped back into the patient
9) Which statement is true?
1. Peritoneal dialysis is normally done in a general hospital or in a special clinic.
2. In peritoneal dialysis, blood is cleaned in a dialyser, which contains the fluid dialysate
3. In peritoneal dialysis, blood is pumped into the peritoneal cavity, where it is cleaned by the
organs.
4. Peritoneal dialysis is done in about 4 to 6 cycles each day.
10). At the end of a video a graph was shown. Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The graph showed that peritoneal dialysis is more dangerous than hemodialysis
The graph showed that hemodialysis is more dangerous than peritoneal dialysis
The graph showed that kidney transplantation is the most safe option
The graph showed that kidney transplantation is the least safe option
2 History of Genetics
1) Which statement about pea plants phenotypes is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Phenotypes are invisible differences between types of pea plants, based on different genes
Phenotypes are visible differences between types of pea plants, based on different alleles
Phenotypes are inherited from parents and are a mix of the parent’s phenotypes
Phenotypes are the result of different types of genes
2) Mendel mixed pea plants with different appearances. Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Mixing green and yellow peas resulted in yellow-green peas.
Mixing pea plants with tall and short stems, resulted in pea plants with average height stems.
Mendel was surprised that the traits of the different pea plants blended in the offspring.
The traits of the different pea plants did not blend.
3) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Genes have different variations, each variation is called a phenotype
Genes have different variations, each variation is called an allele
Alleles have different variations, each based on a different gene
The phenotype is decided by dominant and recessive genes.
4) What is Mendel’s 3 to 1 ratio?
1. If you keep mixing pure-bred pea plants, you end up with 3 dominant phenotypes for every 1
recessive phenotype.
2. If you keep mixing pure-bred pea plants, the 3rd generation will have 1 recessive phenotype.
3. Pea plants have 4 phenotypes: 3 are dominant, 1 is recessive.
4. If you keep mixing pure-bred pea plants, 1/3 of the plants will have a dominant phenotype,
while the rest will have a recessive phenotype.
5) What are dominant and recessive alleles?
1. Dominant alleles are inherited from parents, recessive alleles are not inherited.
2. Pure-bred pea plants only have dominant alleles, while mixed-breed pea plants have dominant
and recessive alleles.
3. Recessive alleles need to be in pairs to decide the phenotype, dominant alleles always decide
the phenotype if present.
4. Dominant alleles take priority: if the parent plant has at least 1 dominant allele, the offspring
will also have at least 1 dominant allele.
6) Avery showed in his experiment which material was able to carry information from one cell to
another. What was that material?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Alleles.
Carbohydrates.
DNA enzyme.
DNA.
7) How did Avery discover what the genetic material is?
1.
2.
3.
4.
He used different types of pea plants and watched how their traits mixed in their offspring.
He used heavy and light DNA strands to see how they replicated.
He injected mice with different parts of an infectious bacteria.
He used different combinations of amino acids to see how they code for proteins.
8) How does DNA replicate?
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA strands replicate on themselves, so that you get (almost) identical copies of DNA.
Depends on whether the DNA has heavy strands, light strands, or both.
DNA mixes with other DNA, and then they replicate.
Heavy strands mix with heavy strands; light strands mix with light strands.
9) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Bases code for amino acids, which form proteins.
Amino acids code for bases, which form proteins.
Proteins code for amino acids, which form bases.
None of the other answers are true
10) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
DNA has 3 different types of bases
DNA has 4 different types of bases
DNA has 20 different types of bases
DNA does not consist of different types of bases
3 The visual system
1) When light comes in from the environment, it is refracted by the eye. Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The cornea does the major part of the refraction of the light
The lens does the major part of the refraction of the light
The retina does the major part of the refraction of the light
The iris does the major part of the refraction of the light
2) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The ciliary muscles control the cornea, so that it can focus the light on the lens
The ciliary muscles control the lens, so that it can focus the light on the retina
The ciliary muscles control the retina, so that it can focus the light on the fovea
The ciliary muscles control the lens, so that it can focus the light on the fovea
3) What is the optic disc, also called the optic papilla?
1. The point that is in line with whatever you’re looking at with a fixation point
2. The central spot on the retina, at which the lens focusses the incoming light
3. The point where the nerves exiting the eye form the optic nerve
4. The upper layer of the retina
4) In which order does the light go through your eye?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Cornea, pupil, lens, retina
Pupil, lens, cornea, retina
Lens, pupil, cornea, retina
Pupil, lens, retina, cornea
5) Photoreceptors (also called photo pigments) need to be at the back of the retina, why?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Because the light first needs to be processed by other cells, such as Ganglion cells
Because they need to be next to the rods and cones
Because the rods and cones degrade fast
Because that is where the fovea is, which is where the lens focuses the light at
6) Which statement is NOT true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Rods and cones are the two types of photoreceptors
The retina is a part of the brain
Light is first processed by various cells, before it reaches the photoreceptors
Amacrine cells are the output cells
7) Which cells are connected to the optic nerve?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ganglion cells
Amacrine cells
Horizontal cells
Photorecptors
8) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Light comes in, in the form of images, which are processed in the eyes and brain
Light comes in, in the form of photons, which are processed in the eyes and brain
Light comes in, in the form of photons, which are processed in the eyes
Light comes in, in the form of images, which are processed in the brain
9) Before light reaches the photoreceptors, it goes through several elements. What is the correct order
of these elements?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Ganglion cells, amacrine cells, bipolar cells, horizontal cells
Horizontal cells, bipolar cells, amacrine cells, ganglion cells
Ganglion cells, amacrine cells, horizontal cells, bipolar cells
Bipolar cells, horizontal cells, amacrine cells, ganglion cells
10) Which statement is true about the element light goes through before it reaches the photoreceptors?
1.
2.
3.
4.
They process the light, but don’t degrade it
They don’t process the light, but degrade it
They neither process nor degrade the light
They process and degrade the light
4 The peripheral nervous system
1) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The brainstem is the oldest part of the brain, and is involved with basic life support functions
The brainstem is part of the peripheral nervous system, and controls our reflexes
The cortex is the oldest part of the brain, and is involved with basic life support functions
The brainstem is part of the central nervous system, and controls our reflexes
2) Which of these are all part of the brainstem?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Pons, medulla, cerebrum
Pons, medulla, mesencephalon
Cerebellum, frontal cortex, pons, medulla
Pons, cerebrum, mesencephalon, medulla
3) What is the function of the cerebellum?
1. It controls our sleep, regulates our alertness, and ensure that every now and then we have a
desire to sleep
2. It controls sexual and aggressive motivations
3. It regulates our heart rate, blood rate, and respiration
4. It allows us to move gracefully and precise
4) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The brain and spinal cord are part of the central nervous system
The brain and spinal cord are part of the peripheral nervous system
The central nervous system connects the brain to the rest of the body
The cerebellum connects the brain to the rest of the body
5) What is the parasympathetic mode?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The system that controls your body functions when you are very relaxed
The system that controls your body functions when you are very alert
The system that decides when to become relaxed or alert
It takes care of all the body functions which are necessary for short term survival
6) When the sympathetic mode activates, what happens?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Your lungs relax, your mouth becomes wet, digestive processes are stopped
Your lungs are restricted, your mouth becomes wet, digestive processes are activated
Your lungs relax, your mouth becomes dry, digestive processes are stopped
Your lungs are restricted, your mouth becomes dry, digestive processes are stopped
7) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The parasympathetic system will make your liver release glucose, for energy
The sympathetic system will make your slow your heartrate
The sympathetic system constricts your pupil, that’s a normal part of relaxation
The parasympathetic system will stimulate getting rid of waste products
8) Which statement is true?
1. It is easy to go from the parasympathetic to the sympathetic system, as well as the other way
around
2. It is easy to go from the parasympathetic to the sympathetic system, but not the other way
around
3. It takes a lot of time to go from the parasympathetic to the sympathetic system, as well as the
other way around
4. It takes a lot of time to go from the parasympathetic to the sympathetic system, but the other
way around is easy
9) Which statement is true?
1. Both the parasympathetic system as the sympathetic system are located primarily in the spinal
cord
2. Both the parasympathetic system as the sympathetic system are located primarily in the
brainstem
3. The parasympathetic system is primary located in the brainstem, the sympathetic system in
the spinal cord
4. The parasympathetic system is primary located in the spinal cord, the sympathetic system in the
brainstem
10) Which statement is true?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The central nervous system is the real decision making part of us.
The peripheral nervous system is the real decision making part of us.
The parasympathetic system is the real decision making part of us.
The sympathetic system is the real decision making part of us.