Download WHII SOL Review Packet 3 - Fredericksburg City Schools

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World History II & Geography
SOL Review 3
Revolutions in Latin America
Congress of Vienna & Revolutions in Europe - 1848
Unifications of Italy & Germany
Industrial Revolution
Imperialism
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WHII 7a-d
Latin America Revolutions
Summary: Latin American revolutions of the 19th Century were influenced by a rigid class system in the development of
governments and ruling powers. Spanish conquests in Latin America saw the rapid decline of native populations and
introduction of slaves from Africa. Conquistadors were given governmental authority by the Spanish crown. They were
now called Viceroys.
What were the characteristics of the colonial system in Latin America in the 19th Century? Circle
or highlight the key words below.
Colonial governments
mirrored the home
governments.
Catholicism had a
strong influence
on the
development of
the colonies.
Mining of precious
metals (gold and silver)
for export
Rigid class system
Major cities in that were established as outposts of colonial authority:
Havana, ______________
Mexico City, ___________
Lima, Peru
Sao Paulo, Brazil
Buenos Aires, Argentina
Viceroys/Colonial Officials
Creole
Which class were the revolutionaries?
Why?
Mestizo/Mulatto
2
The American and French Revolutions took place in the late 1700’s. Within twenty years, the
ideas and examples of these revolutions influenced the people of Latin America to establish
independent nations in Haiti, Mexico and South America.
What did Toussaint L’Ouverture accomplish in Haiti?
Which European countries lost
colonies?
F________
S________ and P_________
B________
What were the contributions of Simon Bolivar to revolutions
in Latin America?
Which new countries gained
independence?
H________
What were the contributions of Father Hidalgo to
revolution in Mexico?
B____________, V____________ &
C________________
M_______________
After the American Revolution the United States wished to prevent foreign interference in America.
The Monroe Doctrine was issued in 1823, alerting European powers that the American continents
should not be considered for any future colonization.
Explain the Monroe Doctrine in your own words:
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
_______________________________________________________________________________________________
What was the impact of the Monroe Doctrine on
Latin America?
3
Challenge Yourself! Put the following events in the correct order.
___1____
The Scientific Revolution
__________ Napoleon’s French Empire
__________ American Revolution (1776)
__________ Revolutions in Latin America
_____4_____
French Revolution (1789)
__________ The Enlightenment
WHII 8a-d
Political and Philosophical Developments in Europe
Summary: The French Revolution left a powerful legacy for world history, including secular society, nationalism and
democratic ideas. Napoleon’s attempt to unify Europe under French domination was unsuccessful. The Congress of
Vienna attempted to restore Europe as it had been before the French Revolution and Napoleonic conquests.
What is a coup d’etat?
What did Napoleon try to do? Was he successful?
Which nations was he NOT able to conquer?
The Napoleonic Code
A uniform set of l______. The Napoleonic Code promoted order over individual rights. How
else could Napoleon rule his vast empire?!
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The Congress of Vienna
The Congress of Vienna was led by Klemens von M____________________ of Austria. It was a Peace
Conference - meeting of ambassadors from European countries after Napoleon tried to unify Europe under
French control, but failed.
What did the Congress of Vienna want to do?
“B________ of Power”
Restore M___________
Make sure that no
single nation would
ever dominate Europe
again. There would be
no more Napoleons!
Bring back the monarchies
that had existed before
Napoleon’s conquests.
Legitimate monarchies
would stabilize political
relations among the nations
Redraw the Map
Return the territories
that Napoleon had
captured & make
France the size it was
before the empire.
New Political Philosophies
L_____________________
Believed in the NEW ideas of the
French Revolution: liberty,
equality & fraternity.
C______________________
Did not believe in the ideas that
came from the French Revolution
- liked the OLD ideas, like
monarchy.
1848 - Revolutions and Rise of Nationalism
Widespread demands for political rights led to revolutions and legislative actions in Europe.
Nationalism: ____________________________________________________________________
 The terms of the Congress of Vienna led to widespread discontent in Europe, especially in Italy
and the German states.
 Unsuccessful revolutions of 1848 increased nationalistic tensions.
 In contrast, the United Kingdom expanded political rights through legislative means (the
branch which has the power to create and pass laws). The UK made slavery illegal in the British
Empire.
Circle and label the locations of: Europe, Latin America, North America, Asia and Africa.
5
Unification of Italy and Germany
Summary: Italy and Germany became nation-states long after the rest of Europe.
Unification of Italy
 ___________________
unified Northern Italy.
 Giuseppe Garibaldi
unified Southern Italy
then joined it to Northern
Italy.
 The P___________ States
(including Rome) were the
last to join Italy.
What is Realpolitik?
What wars did Bismarck start as he
unified Germany
Who were the Red Shirts?
Who was their leader?
Unification of Germany
 Otto von B__________________ led
Prussia in the unification of Germany
through war and by appealing to
nationalist feelings
 Bismarck’s actions were seen as an
example of Realpolitik - justifies all
means to achieve and hold power.
 The Franco-Prussian War led to the
creation of the German State
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WHII 9 a-e
Industrial Revolution
Summary: The Industrial Revolution began in England and spread to the rest of Western Europe and the United States.
With the industrial Revolution came an increase demand for raw materials from the Americas, Asia and Africa.
Advancements in technology produced the Industrial Revolution, while advancements in science and medicine altered
the lives of people living in the new industrial cities. Cultural changes soon followed.
Why did the Industrial Revolution start in England? (3 reasons)
*
*
*
KEY POINTS
 Spread to E__________ & the U____________ S________________
 The cotton t________________ industry was the first to become “industrialized”
 Advances in iron and steel industries led to the development of other industries transportation
 Rise of the factory system (mass production of goods by machine in factories) and end
of cottage industries (production of goods by hand by farming families at home)
 Spread of industrialization led to colonialism & i__________________________
 Rising economic powers wanted raw m______________ & new markets to sell
manufactured goods
Technological advances that produced the Industrial Revolution
James Hargreaves
Spinning Jenny (used in
making t________)
James Watt
S_________ Engine
Eli Whitney
Cotton G_______
Henry Bessemer
Process for making
s_______
Advances in Science & Medicine
Edward J___________________ - Developed smallpox vaccination
Louis P___________________ - Discovered bacteria; made milk safe to drink
Impacts of the Industrial Revolution
I ncrease in population, education & m_________ class
N ew advancements in science
D angerous working conditions
U _________________ (growth of cities)
S tandard of living i________________ (how much people could buy)
T ransportation improved
R ise of pollution
Y eah, steel production improved
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•
•
•
Nature of Work in the Factory System
Harsh working conditions with men competing with women and children for wages.
Child labor kept the cost of production low and profits high.
Owners of mines and factories had considerable control over the lives of their laborers.
Impact on Slavery
C_____________ G_____
increased the demand for slaves
labor in American plantations.
United States & Britain outlawed
the slave trade and then slavery.
Impact on Society
Rise of Labor Unions
Women and _________________
entered the workplace as cheap
labor
Organized groups of workers who
push owners for better working
conditions for all.
Reforms to end child labor
What is a strike?
Expansion of education
Women’s increased demands for
rights & s______________ - the
right to vote
What is collective bargaining?
Capitalism v. Socialism/Communism
Summary: Capitalism and market competition fueled the Industrial Revolution. Wealth
increased the standard of living for some, but not all. Capitalism produced a range of
economic and political ideas, including socialism and communism, because the working class
was exploited.
•
•
•
•
•
Capitalism
Based on “W_______________ of
N__________________”
Role of market competition &
entrepreneurial abilities
Private ownership of property
Capitalism and market competition
fueled the Industrial Revolution
A____________ S______________
wrote “Wealth of Nations”
•
•
•
•
Socialism/Communism
Based on
C______________________
M_________________________
(written with Friedrich Engels) and
Das Kapital
Response to the injustices of
capitalism
Redistribution of wealth
“From each according to his ability, to
each according to his needs”
Becomes the basis of revolution in
Russia, China and other nations in the
20th century
K___________ M___________
wrote “Communist Manifesto”
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Imperialism
Summary: Industrial nations in Europe needed natural resources and markets to expand their economies. These nations
competed to control Africa and Asia in order to secure their own economic and political success. Imperialism spread
economic, political and social philosophies of Europe throughout the world. Resistance to imperialism took many forms,
including armed conflict and intellectual movements.
Causes of Imperialism
 Nationalism
 Competition among European powers
 Raw Materials & New Markets were needed
 Christian missionary efforts
Imperialism in Asia and Africa
Forms of Imperialism
C_____________- areas under the direct control of
the mother country
P______________________________________areas that have some self-governance under the
watchful eye of the mother country
S_________________ of
I___________________- areas within a country
where another country has economic or political
control (trade)
European conflicts carried over to the colonies
o Spheres of Influence in China
 Qing Dynasty limited entry into China
o A______________opens Japan to trade with the Treaty of Kanagawa
o British E______ I______ Company dominates the Indian States
o Suez Canal - located in E_____________; connects the “M________ with the Red”
 Started by France but completed and controlled by Britain
Colonized People Respond With Armed Conflict
 CHINA
o Opium War btwn China & Britain
o B________ Rebellion
 INDIA

S______________ Rebellion leads to India becoming a British colony
Rise of Nationalism
 Indian N______________ C______________
o First Indian nationalist party founded in the mid 1800’s
o Led by Mahatma Gandhi
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