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UNIVERSITY OF ZIMBABWE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE STUDIES 2016/2017 ACADEMIC YEAR COURSE: LECTURER: OFFICE: CONSULTATION TIMES: Administrative Principles and Ethics H. Zvoushe 219 New Commerce Building Tuesday 11-12; Thursday 10-11. PURPOSE OF THE COURSE This course seeks to expose students to the guiding principles and core values in the administration of public affairs, and to the ethical standards of behavior expected in the public sector. This endeavour comes against the background of the realisation that corruption and unethical behaviour have become a common cancer in the public sector, with very adverse effects on public service delivery, public finances, resource distribution, government image, and on public confidence in public institutions which serve them. A great mismatch often exists between generally accepted ethical and value premises, and the day-to-day behaviours of administrators in the public sector. It is therefore imperative that students, as future administrators, are adequately trained to handle ethical issues at the workplace. To this end, students will be taught the normative values, administrative principles and public sector ethics that are critical for sound institutional administration and governance. They will be equipped with the skills and tools for making ethical decisions, even in contexts of uncertainty and complexity. Practical case experiences as well as simulations will be used as part of the training on ethics and principles of administration. It is expected that the training in this course will help students develop moral cognitive capacities, moral judgment and an alertness to moral obligations. AIMS OF THE COURSE The course attempts to introduce the subject of ethics, values and administrative principles as they apply to public administration; It also aims to shed light on the operationalization of ethics and administrative principles in the practice of public administration. OBJECTIVES OF THE COURSE The course seeks to: familiarize students with the discourse of ethics and administrative principles in public administration; map the boundaries of administrative conduct in the public sector; discuss the various pitfalls, dilemmas and constraints in upholding ethical standards and professionalism; and examine the international best practices with the application of ethical standards and administrative principles. COURSE CONTENT 1. Overview of Ethics in Public Administration Conceptual clarifications Dimensions of ethics Foundations of ethics in public administration Context of application 2. Core Administrative Principles Authority Accountability Transparency Efficiency Neutrality Integrity Public interest Discretion 3. Administrative Responsibility Key issues in administrative responsibility The Friedrich – Finer debate Criticism 4. Accountability in the Public Sector Key issues in accountability Dimensions of accountability Challenges and problems 5. Ethical Dilemmas and Conflict of Interest Defining ethical dilemmas Types of ethical dilemmas Conflict of interest Normative approaches to ethical decision making 6. Bureaucratic Corruption and Unethical Behaviour Defining bureaucratic corruption Types of corruption Manifestations of corruption Causes of unethical conduct Combating unethical conduct in the public sector 7. Public Sector Regulatory Instruments for Ethics Constitutional provisions Acts of parliament Statutory instruments Codes of conduct 8. National Integrity Systems Parliament Executive Judiciary Comptroller and auditor-general Anti-corruption commissions Law enforcement agencies Office of the public protector Media 9. Simulations and Case Studies REFERENCES ACBF. 2007. Institutional Frameworks for Addressing Public Sector Corruption in Africa: Mandate, Performance, Challenges and Capacity Needs. Harare: ACBF. Adeyinka, O. A. 2014. Ethical issues in public service. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(5): 410 – 412. Appleby, P. H. 1952. Morality and Administration in American Government. Louisiana: Louisiana State University Press. Beard, E.and H. Stephen. 1975. Congressional Ethics: The View from the House. Washington, D.C.: Brookings. Bowman, J. B. and R. L. Williams. 1997. Ethics in government: from a winter of despair to a spring of hope. Public Administration Review, 57(6), Brandsma, G. J. and T. Schillemans. 2012. The accountability cube: measuring accountability. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23: 953 – 975. Bruce, W. 2001. Classics of Administrative Ethics. Westview Press. Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management (CAPAM). 2010. Ethical Dilemmas in the Public Service. Ottawa: CAPAM. Denhardt, K. G. 1988. The Ethics of Public Service: Resolving Moral Dilemmas in Public Organizations. Greenwood Press. Douglas, P. H. 1957. Ethics in Government. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. Gortner, H. F. 1991. Ethics for Public Managers. Santa Barbara: Praeger Publishers. Goss, R. P. 1996. A distinct public administration ethics? Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 6(4): 573 – 597. Hutton, W. L. and A. Massey. 2006. Professional ethics and public service: can professionals serve two masters. Public Money and Management, 26(1): 23 – 30. Koven, S. G. 2015. Public Sector Ethics: Theory and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Kunaka, C. and N. Mashumba. (eds). 2002. Strategies Against Corruption in Southern Africa. Harare: SAHRIT. Kuye, J. O. and M. J. Mafunisa. 2003. Responsibility, Accountability and Ethics: The Case for Public Service Leadership. Journal of Public Administration, 38(4), 421 – 437. Kyarimpa, G. E. and J. C. Garcia-Zamor. 2006. The quest for public service ethics: individual conscience and organisational constraints. Public Money and Management, 26(1): 31 – 38. Ladd, J. (ed). 1973. Ethical Relativism. Belmont: Wadsworth. Lewis, C. W. and S. C. Gilman. 2005. The Ethics Challenge in Public Service: A Problemsolving Guide. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass. Maesschalck, J. 2004. Approaches to ethics management in the public sector: a proposed extension of the compliance-integrity continuum. Public Integrity, 7(1), 21 – 41. Martinez, M. J. 2009. Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Means, R. L. 1970. The Ethical Imperative: The Crisis in American Values. Garden City: Doubleday. Nigro, F. A. and Nigro, L. G. 1984. Modern Public Administration. Cambridge: Harper and Low Publishers. Peters, B. G. and J. Pierre. (eds). 2012. Handbook of Public Administration. London: Sage. Rohr, J. A. 1978. Ethics for Bureaucrats: An Essay on Law and Values. New York: Marcel Dekker. Schillemans, T. and M. Busuioc. 2014. Predicting public sector accountability: from agency drift to forum drift. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25: 191 – 215. Steinberg, S. S. and D. T. Austern. 1990. Government, Ethics, and Managers: A Guide to Solving Ethical Dilemmas in the Public Sector. Praeger Publishers. Thaler, J. and B. Helmig. 2016. Do codes of conduct and ethical leadership influence public employees’ attitudes and behaviours? An experimental analysis. Public Management Review, 18(9): 1365 – 1399. Therkldsen, O. 2001. Efficiency, Accountability and Implementation: Public Sector Reform in Eastern and Southern Africa, Democracy, Governance and Human Rights. Geneva: UNRISD. Thornhill, C. 2011. The role of the public protector: case studies in public accountability. African Journal of Public Affairs, 4(2): 79 – 88. United Nations. 2000. Promoting Ethics in the Public Service. Washington D.C.: United Nations. United Nations. 1997. Ethics, Professionalism and the Image of the Public Service. Washington D. C.: United Nations. TUTORIAL QUESTIONS 2017 1. Discuss the concept of administrative ethics in the context of public administration. Cox III, R. W. (ed). 2015. Ethics and Integrity in Public Administration: Concepts and Cases. New York: M. E. Sharpe. Koven, S. G. 2015. Public Sector Ethics: Theory and Applications. Boca Raton: CRC Press. Martinez, M. J. 2009. Public Administration Ethics for the 21st Century. Santa Barbara: Praeger. Shafritz, J. M., E. W. Russell, and Christopher P. Borick. (eds) 2011. “Chapter 5: Honor, Ethics and Accountability” in Introducing Public Administration. 7th Edition. New York: Longman. United Nations. 2000. Promoting Ethics in the Public Service. Washington D.C.: United Nations. 2. Discuss the concept of accountability and evaluate its application in the public sector. Brandsma, G. J. and T. Schillemans. 2012. The accountability cube: measuring accountability. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 23: 953 – 975. Schillemans, T. and M. Busuioc. 2014. Predicting public sector accountability: from agency drift to forum drift. Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory, 25: 191 – 215. 3. Using relevant practical examples, discuss the various ethical dilemmas in the public sector. What are the possible solutions? Commonwealth Association for Public Administration and Management (CAPAM). 2010. Ethical Dilemmas in the Public Service. Ottawa: CAPAM. Shafritz, J. M., E. W. Russell, and C. P. Borick. (eds) 2011. “Chapter 5: Honor, Ethics and Accountability” in Introducing Public Administration. 7th Edition. New York: Longman. 4. What are the various forms of unethical behaviour in the public sector? Your answer must be empirically grounded. Adeyinka, O. A. 2014. Ethical issues in public service. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 4(5): 410 – 412. 5. Discuss the various measures for curbing corruption and unethical behaviour in the public sector. Kunaka, C. and N. Mashumba. (eds). 2002. Strategies Against Corruption in Southern Africa. Harare: SAHRIT. 6. Evaluate the utility of codes of conduct as a standard for ethical behaviour in public sector organisations. Kyarimpa, G. E. and J. C. Garcia-Zamor. 2006. The quest for public service ethics: individual conscience and organisational constraints. Public Money and Management, 26(1): 31 – 38. Thaler, J. and B. Helmig. 2016. Do codes of conduct and ethical leadership influence public employees’ attitudes and behaviours? An experimental analysis. Public Management Review, 18(9): 1365 – 1399. 7. Critically discuss the role of the following institutions in upholding ethical conduct in the public sector: (a) Anti-Corruption Commissions (b) Law Enforcement Agencies (c) Parliament (d) Comptroller and Auditor-General (e) Media Zhou, G. 2012. Fiscal management in Zimbabwe. International Journal of Economics and Business Modelling, 3(1): 152 – 161. ACBF. 2007. Institutional Frameworks for Addressing Public Sector Corruption in Africa: Mandate, Performance, Challenges and Capacity Needs. Harare: ACBF.