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World Geography – 1st Semester Final Exam Study Guide Part I – North Africa, Southwest and Central Asia Which country is the largest in land area? A: Russia Explain what a countries GDP per capita is A: Total amount of money made by a country divided by the countries population or average income. The most common official language of the countries in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and North Africa Arabic The religion that the most people practice in Southwest Asia, Central Asia and North Africa Countries Islam Describe the conditions of the Syrian Desert Receives less than 5 inch of precipitation per year and is blocked by ancient lava flows. What are the voting rights of the Egyptian people? All people 18 and over may vote, but there is only one political party. So it is not truly free What was the Suez Canal Crisis in 1956? The Egyptians closed the Suez Canal which resulted in an attack by the British. Describe the Suez Canal It connects the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea What is OPEC and why was it formed? It is the Organization of Petroluem Exporting Countries. It sets prices and production amounts for Oil from Southwest Asian countries. Describe the limitations that climate and landforms place on the people of Saudi Arabia A: Much of Saudi Arabia is a desert so people must live near water. There are mountains in the southern part of Saudi Arabia that have a cooler climate. Farming can be difficult in Saudi Arabia due to the lack of rainfall in some areas. Describe the limitations that climate and landforms place on the people in the mountains of Afghanistan A: The mountain regions of Afghanistan are rocky and create difficult travel. Agriculture is difficult there. Describe the limitations that climate and landforms place on the people in the mountains of Iran A: Travel can be difficult in some mountainous areas as well as farming due to the climate created by these mountains. In some areas soil is more fertile due to milder climates in areas near the mountains. The capital of Iraq is Baghdad The capital of Afghanistan is Kabul The capital of Egypt is Cairo The capital of Israel is Jerusalem Who is(was) the dictator of Libya? Muammar al-Gaddafi What are trade sanctions and how did they affect Libya? A: Trade sanctions are when other countries stopping trading with a nation. They forced Libya to change some of thier policies How does Tunisia compare to other North African countries in their poverty rate and women's rights? They have a low poverty rate and a good record of women's rights. What are casbahs? Old castles and areas of cities What happened in the early 1990's that affected Algeria as a nation? They had a civil war Explain what is happening between Morocco and the area called Western Sahara A: Western Sahara has begun fighting for their independence from Morocco. Turkey was once a part of what empire? Ottoman Empire What is special about the city of Damascus? A: It is one of the oldest continually lived in cities in the world What Muslim group based in Lebanon has caused tensions in Southwest Asia to rise since 2006? Hezbollah What countries has Hezbollah attacked? Israel Briefly explain how Israel was formed in 1947. Israel was formed in 1947 by partioning part of Palestine. What group of people has been in conflict with Israel since its formation? Palestinians Bahrain is considered a center of what industry for Southwest Asia? Banking Explain the main economic activities in the city of Dubai. A: Dubai has a large shipping port. Dubai is a major financial center. Dubai is a major tourist location. Contrast the economies of Oman and Yemen A: Oman has a strong economy based on oil production, while Yemen has a weak economy. When were some of the first free elections held in Iraq? 2005 Who is the current leader of Iran? Mahmoud Ahmadinejad Iran's involvement with what form of energy has made many governments in the world nervous? Nuclear Energy What group has caused some of the remaining tension in Afghanistan? Supporters of the Taliban government What are two countries or empires that have attempted to control Afghanistan in the past? Russia and Great Britain What type of economy is the government in Kazakhstan attempting to start? FreeMarket economy What important trade route was Uzbekistan once a part of? Silk Road What desert makes up a huge portion of Turkmenistan? Kara Kum What happened in 2005 that has made the country of Kyrgyzstan unstable? A revolt against the government What happened in the 1990's that still affects Tajikistan? A civil war Why do tourists visit Georgia? A: Beaches, Skiing, Hot springs What is genocide? The deliberate killing of an ethnic group What country is Armenia in conflict with? A: Azerbaijan Why is Azerbaijan's economic future promising? They have begun to produce oil. Which of the following best explains what the Soviet Union was and when it existed. A: A communist nation that included Russia and 15 other countries. It existed between 1917 and 1991. Theocracy - A government system run by religious leaders Theocracy in Egyptian society – The pharaoh or leader of Egypt was considered a god by the people. Islam – Who started it? When? Where? Major beliefs. - Muhammad. 600 AD. Saudi Arabia. 5 pillars of Islam and following the Quran Christianity - Who started it? When? Where? Major beliefs. – Jesus. 2000 years ago. Israel. Following the Old and New Testaments of the Bible. Judaism - Who started it? When? Where? Major beliefs. - Abraham. 4000 years ago. Mesopotamia. Following the Talmud and Torah Why and how did writing begin? * 2 examples of early writing - ________, __________ Writing began to keep track of trade goods and the amount of food. It also began as picture-writing or pictograms. Examples – Cuneiform and Hieroglyphics Mesopotamia – where? Important leader? Writing type? Mesopotamia is in present day Iraq and near the Tigris and Euphrates rivers. One of the important leaders was Hammurabi. They wrote with Cuneiform. Ancient Egypt – where? Writing type? Government/religion? Where – Egypt along the Nile River. Writing type – Hieroglyphics. Egyptians used a theocracy for government, where the pharaoh was believed to be a god. Tigris and Euphrates Rivers – Cultural hearth of Mesopotamia and Asia Nile River – Cultural Hearth of North Africa and Egypt. Part II – Comprehensive Section Latitude – imaginary lines that travels east to west around the world. Measured North or South of the equator. Also called parallels Longitude – imaginary lines that travels north to south and meet at the poles. Measured East or West of the prime meridian. Also called meridians. Absolute location – the latitude and longitude of a place. How to determine latitude and longitude Population Density and how to figure it Economic and Political Systems vocab!! Natural Resource Nonrenewable Resource Renewable Resoure