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MESOAMERICA: Mayan & Aztec Empires WORLD HISTORY NOTES DATE: _____________ Climate of Mesoamerica Warm ______________ ______________ Rainfall Rich _____________ soils o Good for growing crops like _____________________________. Early Mesoamerican Civilizations _______________ o (1200 BC to 300 AD) _______________ o (1500 BC to 750 AD) _______________ o (900 to 1200 AD) The Mayan Civilization Developed around ______________BC o At its height, Maya civilization consisted of some ____________________ spread among ______________. Supporting Large Cities __________ and ______________ helped support larger populations, and early Maya villages grew into cities. Mayan Farming Practices _________________________________- a method of farming involves burning the vegetation to clear land for planting. 1 Mayan Cities & Government Classic Age o (250 to 900 AD) Mayans built: o ________________ o ________________ o ________________ Who did they build them for? o ________________ o ________________ Mayan Society & Religion Society o Kings ruled with absolute power It was believed they ____________________ _____________. o ______________________ Upper Class o ______________________ ______________________ Middle Class o ______________________ Lower Class Religious Ceremonies o Offering of blood to the gods. (______________________). o _______________________ Only allowed to use your elbows, knees, and hips to get a rubber ball through a hoop. Losing team sacrificed. o __________________________ Religion: Major Gods Hun Hunahpu – _____________________. o Father of the hero twins o Most important deity for the Maya o He brought about the creation for the present world age. Chac – _____________________________________. o Both adored and feared by the Maya o He was portrayed as both a benefactor and a violent warrior. Gukumatz – _________________________________. o Taught the Maya the arts of civilization, including codes of law, agriculture, fishing, and medicine. Ixchel – __________________________________________________________. o Goddess of creativity, weavers and childbirth, goddess of medicine and reason, and a bringer of the storms. 2 Mayan Achievements Architecture o _________________ o _________________ Astronomy Math o _________________ Writing ____________________ Mayan Calendar The Maya had ____________________: o ___________________________________________ o ___________________________________________ It was more _________ that the European calendar. Decline of Mayan Civilization Factors to decline: o ___________________________________________ Overuse of resources o Drought Not able to feed everyone o ___________________________________________ _____________________________________ o Abuse of Power by Kings _______________________________________________________________________ The Aztecs Located in modern day ___________, and Tenochtitlan was the capital city and is located in what is now present day __________________. Rise of the Aztec Empire According to legend, the war god told one of the tribes’ leaders that they should look for a place where they saw an ____________________________________. It was there that they should settle and build a new capital. o They built Tenochtitlan after the prediction came true, and it was on a swampy island in __________________________________. 3 Population consisted of farmers & warriors. o __________________________________. After the alliance was formed the empire gained control over many region. Ruled ______________ other city-states. ___________________ under Aztec rule. Aztec Empire Conquered people paid ____________. o _______________________________ The Aztec Empire gained wealth: o ____________ o Tribute Tenochtitlan Size o __________________________ Approximately 3200 acres Population o __________________________ __________________________ o o o o o o Walled City Pyramid Temples Palaces Ball court _”______________________”_ ____________________ o Canals o Markets Aztec Society Social Classes o Though people were born into a certain class it was possible to move up the ranks within a life time. Also apart of the middle class _________________________ 4 Aztec Religion Main deity in the Aztec religion was Huitzilopochtli and was known as both the _______________ and _________________. o _______________________ was practiced heavily in the Aztec religion. Believed that these sacrifices gave ____________________ which in turn would insure the survival of the Aztec civilization. War captives were used in the sacrifices o In times of peace the Aztec would have to resort to _________________________. In the year 1487 the Aztecs reported killing ___________________________ at the great pyramid of Tenochitlan. o After a town was conquered the inhabitants where no longer eligible of sacrifice and became Aztec citizens. Aztec Art The Aztecs also made other religious and non-religious artifacts such as _______________________. o These artifacts were sold in markets by visiting merchants. Aztec Achievements Written Record o _____________- symbols that represented both objects and sounds. Kept track of _________________________________. Astronomy Calendar like the Mayans, but they also tracked the movements of some _________________________. 5