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AP World History
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Chapter 5 Study Guide
Directions: Using complete sentences, answer the following questions on a separate sheet of paper.
Page numbers are provided.
1. Where did power reside in the Roman Republic? P.127
2. Describe the relationship between the patricians and plebians. P.127
3. How did the Romans gain the loyalty of the people of Italy? P.128
4. What did administration look like once the Romans took over a foreign land? P.129
5. Who was the emperor responsible for reorganizing Roman government after 31 BCE? P.132
6. The safety and stability of the Roman Empire was called what? p.132
7. What was one of the most enduring consequences of the Roman Empire? p.134
8. In 212 CE, emperor Caracalla granted citizenship to all free, adult, male inhabitants of the empire.
Prior to 212, how did many people become citizens? P.134
9. Why was becoming a Christian considered an act of disloyalty in the Roman Empire? p.135
10. What invention revolutionized construction of large structures in Rome? P.135
11. What was the most visible symptom of Rome’s “third century crisis”? p.135
12. What city became the new capital of the Roman Empire? p.138
13. What state won out after the Warring States Period to be the first to create a unified China? P.139
14. Who was included in the Chinese family? P.141
15. Describe the hierarchical social order envisioned by Confucius and its purpose (2-3 sentences).
P.141
16. In the Confucian view of women’s roles, what are the “3 submissions”? p.142
17. What does Shi Huangdi mean? p. 142
18. Explain at least 3 actions taken by the Qin to further unify China. P.142-143
19. How did the early Han view Legalism? What did they do to change it? P.143
20. What was the urban capital of the Han government? P.143
21. What was the guiding philosophy of the new gentry class and how did it operate? P.144
22. Why do you think Daoism was so popular among the people? P.144-145
23. What are 3 innovations of the Han? P.145
24. What was the leading export of China during the Han reign? P. 145
25. List 4 reasons for the decline of the Han Empire. p.146
aqueduct A conduit, either elevated or underground, using
gravity to carry water from a source to a location—usually a
city—that needed it. The Romans built many aqueducts in a
period of substantial urbanization. (p. 135)
Roman Principate A term used to characterize Roman
government in the first three centuries C.E., based on the
ambiguous title princeps (“first citizen”) adopted by Augustus
to conceal his military dictatorship.
pax romana Literally, “Roman peace,” it connoted the stability
Constantine (285–337 c.e.) Roman emperor (r. 312–337).
After reuniting the Roman Empire, he moved the capital to
Constantinople and made Christianity a favored religion. (p.
138)
equites In ancient Italy, prosperous landowners second in
wealth and status to the senatorial aristocracy. The Roman
emperors allied with this group to counterbalance the
influence
of the old aristocracy and used the equites to staff the
imperial civil service. (p. 132)
Romanization The process by which the Latin language and
and prosperity that Roman rule brought to the lands of the
Roman Empire in the first two centuries C.E. The movement
of people and trade goods along Roman roads and safe seas
allowed for the spread of cultural practices, technologies, and
religious ideas. (p. 134)
Chang’an City in the Wei Valley in eastern China. It became
the capital of the Qin and early Han Empires. Its main features
were imitated in the cities and towns that sprang up throughout
the Han Empire. (p. 143)
Roman Senate A council whose members were the heads of
wealthy, landowning families. Originally an advisory body to
the early kings, in the era of the Roman Republic the Senate
effectively governed the Roman state and the growing empire.
Under Senate leadership, Rome conquered an empire of
unprecedented extent in the lands surrounding the
Mediterranean Sea. In the first century B.C.E. quarrels among
powerful and ambitious senators and failure to address social
and economic problems led to civil wars and the emergence of
the rule of the emperors. (p. 127)
Roman culture became dominant in the western provinces
of the Roman Empire. The Roman government did not
actively seek to Romanize the subject peoples, but indigenous
peoples in the provinces often chose to Romanize because of
the political and economic advantages that it brought, as well
as the allure of Roman success. (p. 134)
gentry In China, the class of prosperous families, next in
wealth below the rural aristocrats, from which the emperors
drew their administrative personnel. Respected for their
education and expertise, these officials became a privileged
group and made the government more efficient and
responsive
than in the past. The term gentry also denotes the class of
landholding families in England below the aristocracy.
(pp. 144, 415, 459)
Qin A people and state in the Wei Valley of eastern China
that conquered rival states and created the first Chinese
empire (221–206 B.C.E.). The Qin ruler, Shi Huangdi,
standardized many features of Chinese society and ruthlessly
marshaled subjects for military and construction projects,
engendering hostility that led to the fall of his dynasty shortly
after his death. The Qin framework was largely taken over by
the succeeding Han Empire. (p. 139)
Notecard Terms: Identify (who/what/when/where/how/why) and explain its significance (think
of the relevant SPRITE category and what effects it had on it).
Resources: Use your chapter reading, glossary, student website (electronic flash cards are provided!),
and/or internet.
Roman Republic
patron/client relationship
Augustus
Han
Paul
third-century crisis
Byzantine Empire
Shi Huangdi
Jesus
Free Response Focus Questions: Answer these questions in a 4-6 sentence paragraph.
 In your own words! Do not simply copy from the book and memorize the response.
 Support your response with plenty of facts.
 Understand where events fall historically (global context, cause/effect, etc)
1. Discuss the work of Paul of Tarsus. Did his activities benefit from the pax romana?
2. Describe the failure of the Roman Republican system of government.
3. What were the problems that led to the Roman Empire’s “third century crisis”?
4. What was the basis of the Chinese social order under the Han dynasty? Describe the lives of the
Chinese people during the period, paying particular attention to women’s roles.
5. What role did technology play in the success and spread of the Han dynasty?