Download Grammar Review Sheet

Grammar Review Sheet
Sentence Structure
 Subject – who or what the sentence is about
 Predicate – part of the sentence that says something about the subject
(verb)
 Compound subject – two or more subjects that are joined by a
conjunction and have the same verb.
 Compound predicate – two or more verbs that are joined by a
conjunction and have the same subject
 Prepositional phrase – a group of words consisting of a preposition, a
noun or pronoun that serves as the object of the preposition, and any
modifiers of that object. (cannot stand alone as a sentence because it
does not express a complete idea)
Lucia and Donald brought refreshments for our team. We won four games, lost
two, and tied three. Lucia was very proud of us for trying our hardest when we played.
Donald was disappointed when we lost two games at the end of the tournament. We
were all very tired when the day was over.
Sentence by Purpose
 Declarative – makes a statement
 Interrogative – asks a question
 Exclamatory – expresses a strong feeling
 Imperative - gives a command
I can’t believe I got an A on the English Department Midterm exam
Please pay attention
English teachers at MHS are devoted to educating their students
Who is your favorite teacher
Sentences According to Structure
 Simple – one independent clause and no subordinate clauses
 Compound – two or more independent clauses but no subordinate
clauses
 Complex – one independent clause and at least one subordinate clause
 Compound-complex – two or more independent clauses and at least
one subordinate clause
Several MHS students became ill one day.
They had eaten many of the entrees from the cafeteria, but none of them had eaten the
same thing.
When they told the principal of their pain, he offered no help.
Before going to the police, several students spoke with the cafeteria employees and they
were assured the food in the cafeteria was healthy and not to blame for their illness.
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Predicate adjective – an adjective in the predicate that modifies the
subject of the sentence
Predicate nominative – a noun or pronoun in the predicate that
explains or identifies the subject of the sentence.
Appositive – a word that identifies or explains the noun or pronoun it
follows.
Appositive phrase – made up of the appositive and its modifiers.
Infinitive phrase – contains an infinitive (a verb form that can be used
as a noun, an adjective, or an adverb. Usually preceded by to.)
together with its modifiers and complements
Gerund phrase – contains a gerund (a verb from ending in –ing that is
used as a noun) and any modifiers it may have.
Participle phrase – contains a participle ( a verb form ending in –ing, d, or –ed that acts as an adjective) and any complements or modifiers it
may have.
Johnathan enjoyed racing swiftly on his tricycle.
My friend Janet invited me to her family’s cabin.
Termites are dangerous pets.
The wind feels cold.
Roses are the flowers to give for a special occasion.
Johnathan, the cutest little boy in the world, turned two in August.
The hiker, acting quickly, snapped a picture of the lion.
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Passive Voice – expresses an action done to its subject
Active Voice – expresses an action done by its subject
Mrs. Weiss helped Mrs. Burns move into a new house.
The window was broken by someone last night.
Parts of Speech
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Noun – person, place, thing, or idea.
Pronoun – used in place of a noun
Adjective – word used to describe a noun or pronoun
Adverb – modifies a verb, an adjective, or another adverb
Interjection – word used to express emotion
Conjunction – word used to join words or groups of words
Preposition – used to show the relationship of a noun or pronoun to
some other word in the sentence
Verb – action or state of being
“(1)Wow! Vitamin C (2)is found (3)not only in (4)oranges, (5)but also (6)in
strawberries, (7)green peppers, and tomatoes,” (8)she said.
Clauses
 A group of words that contains a verb and its subject and is used as part of a
sentence.
 Independent clause – expresses a complete thought and can stand alone as a
sentence.
 Subordinate clause – does not express a complete thought and can’t stand alone as
a sentence.
When she answered correctly, the class cheered.
The teacher nodded.
Complete Sentences:
 Run on – two or more complete sentences run together as one.
 Comma splice – two sentences linked together with only a comma to separate
them.
 Complete sentence – contains a subject, verb and expresses a complete thought.
 Fragment – a word group that does not have all the basic parts of a complete
sentence and does not express a complete thought.
Was a great tennis player.
Jeremiah joined the school tennis team, he is an amazing tennis player.
He serves the ball harder than anyone I have ever seen no one can return his serve.
Jeremiah says his father taught him everything he knows.
Voice:
Decide whether the sentences are written in first person, second person, or third person.
I love to read the literature that my English teacher assigns.
You get such valuable information when you pay attention in your English class.
Proper grammar is an asset that will take a person far in life.