Download Homework01h - Kean University

Homework Questions for Lecture 1
ES 1000
Name ___________________
Use these questions to test your knowledge of Lecture 1. You are
responsible for printing out the current homework sheet prior to each lecture.
A. Short answer:
1. Earth is about ______ billion years old
2. Heat-driven convection currents in the ____________ are thought to
be principally responsible for plate movements.
3. Under the lithosphere is the ___________, a zone of heat softened
rock located in the upper mantle. It actually flows slowly.
4. The radius of Earth is roughly ______ miles.
5. The Universe is at least ___ billion years old.
B. Match the terms
1. Aristotle
_____
a. Redder spectra = further objects
2. Galileo ______
b. Crust is spreading apart
3. Newton ____
c. Continents once together
4. Karl Popper ____
d. Sun orbits Earth
5. The Red Sea ____
e. Continents collided
6. Himalayan Mountains _____
f. Gravity
7. Hubble ______
g. Earth orbits Sun
8. Wegener ______
h. Falsification
C. True or False?
1. Many extinctions occurred about 65 million years ago. True or False?
2. Many scientists believe a large meteorite struck the Earth at the end of
the Cretaceous, raising a dust cloud that blotted out the sun and killed
many plants that large animals needed for food. True or False?
3. During the Earth's first 10 to 20 million years, the planets internal
temperature rose to the melting point of iron. True or False?
4. The innermost of the concentric layers of the Earth, the Core, is mostly
made of silicate minerals. True or False?
5. Objects with spectra shifted to redder colors are moving towards us. True
or False?
6. The San Andreas Fault is an example of a transform boundary. True or
False?
7. Water driven out of a subducting ocean plate causes partial melting in the
nearby mantle. The magma that may rise to form volcanoes. True or
False?
8. The Himalayan Mountains are an example of a Collisional boundary.
True or False?
9. When air is heated it contracts. True or False?
10. The Andes Mountains are an example of volcanic mountains that formed
above a subduction zone. True or False?
D. Multiple choice:
1) The early Earth became separated into three major concentric layers, in a
process called:
a. isolation
b. aggregation
c. differentiation
d. migration
2) The Great Rift Valley of East Africa contains:
a. divergent plate boundaries
b. basalt rock from lava flows
c. stream and lake sediments
d. All of the above
3) The Triassic and Jurassic lowlands of New Jersey:
a. are the western margin of the rift that opened the Atlantic
b. contain the same rocks and fossils as similar rocks in Morocco
c. contain red shales with occasional dinosaur footprints
d. contain basalt rock formed from lava flows in a rift valley
e. All of the above
4) The Himalayas and other great mountain ranges contain:
a) Divergent plate boundaries
b) Convergent plate boundaries
c) Transform plate boundaries
5) The San Andreas Fault contains:
a) Divergent plate boundaries
b) Convergent plate boundaries
c) Transform plate boundaries
E. Short Answers
Name ___________________
1. Why is the interior of the Earth hotter than the surface?
2. What happens to the volume and density of any substance when it is
heated?
3. If a low density ("light") substance is surrounded by high density
("heavy") materials, which moves to the lower level?
4. What happens to the volume and density of any substance when it is
cooled?
5. What is convection, and how does it work?
6. What other forms of Heat Transfer are there, and how do they work?
F. SHOW ALL WORK ON CALCULATIONS
1. Rocks obtained from the highlands of the moon by Apollo 16
astronauts have been dated in the laboratory. Seven samples
studied at NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory yield ages of
4.6301 billion years (b.y.), 4.5952 b.y., 4.6112 b.y., 4.5572 b.y.,
4.5798 b.y., 4.6017 b.y., and 4.6022 b.y.
a. What is the average age of these moon rocks from the
highlands? __________ billion years.
b. What is this average, a measure of central tendency, called in
statistics? ____________
2. Make a labeled drawing of one convection cell in the earth’s
interior. Show a mid-ocean ridge and subduction zone.
3. The base of a cloud is at an elevation of 400 m, and its top is at
1400 m. The temperature at the cloud base is 16oC, and the
temperature at the top is 12oC.
A lapse rate, , is the change in temperature, T, divided by
change in elevation, z.
=-T
z
Calculate the lapse rate for the cloud above