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Ch. 10 – Sexual Reproduction & Genetics
Meiosis & Mitosis Review
1. _________________ produces 2 genetically identical daughter cells.
2. What process produces gametes?
3. Compared to body cells, how many chromosomes do gametes have?
4. What is sexual reproduction?
5. The number of chromosomes in a gamete is represented by the symbol _______.
6. Define diploid.
7. Define haploid.
8. If an organism’s diploid number is 12, what is its haploid number?
9. What are sex chromosomes?
10. What are the sex chromosomes for a male?
11. What are the sex chromosomes for a female?
12. What is the purpose of meiosis?
13. What is the purpose of Meiosis I?
14. What is crossing over?
15. What is synapsis? When does it occur?
16. When do homologous chromosomes separate?
17. What is independent assortment?
18. What is the purpose of Meiosis II?
19. When do sister chromatids separate?
Introduction to Genetics, Punnett Squares, & Independent Assortment/Probability:
20. Define phenotype.
21. Define genotype.
22. Define dominant.
23. Define recessive.
24. What are different forms of a gene called?
25. Separation of alleles during gamete formation is what Mendelian principle?
26. During what process do alleles separate (A)?
27. During what process do alleles come back together in new combinations (B)?
28. How can probability help us solve genetics problems?
29. What are Punnett squares used for?
30. Can you predict the actual outcome of a genetic cross using a Punnett square?
31. The _________________________ produced by each parent are shown along the sides of a Punnett
square.
32. What does homozygous mean? Give an example.
33. What does heterozygous mean? Give an example.
34. How many different allele combinations would be found in the gametes produced by a pea plant whose
genotype was AaGg? RrYY? GGTT?
35. How would you get a 9:3:3:1 ratio?
36. Do Mendel’s principles apply only to pea plants? Explain.
Cross Examples (review Dog and Unimonster worksheets): Be able to determine the parental genotypes,
genotypic and phenotypic ratios/fractions, and probability for the following questions:
37. A female guinea pig homozygous dominant for black fur mated with a male homozygous for white fur.
38. In field mice gray fur (G) is dominant over white (g) fur. Also, long tails (T) are dominant over short
(t). Parent 1, a heterozygous gray, heterozygous long tailed mouse, has a baby with Parent 2, a
heterozygous gray, short tailed mouse.
39. Two wolverines produce some offspring. 1/4 of their offspring have stubby fangs (f). The other
offspring express the dominant sharp fang (F) trait.
40. In fire belly frogs, red stomachs (R) is dominant over orange stomachs (r) and bumpy skin (B) is
dominant over smooth skin (b). A homozygous red stomach, heterozygous bumpy skin frog lays eggs
that are fertilized by an orange stomach, smooth skin frog.
41. If parents are AaBbDdEeFf x AaBbDdEeFf:
a.
What is the probability that they will have an offspring with the genotype AaBbDdEeFf?
b. What is the probability that they will have an offspring with the genotype aaBbDdEEff?
Ch. 11 – Complex Inheritance & Human Heredity
Recessive and Dominant Disorders/Traits
42. What 4 human diseases/traits are due to recessive alleles?
43. In genetic terms, what is a carrier?
44. What 2 human diseases/traits are due to dominant alleles?
45. In a dominant allele disorder/trait, what is the probability that an affected parent will pass on the
disorder/trait to their offspring?
46. Valerie and Scott get married. A few years later they have their first child, Taylor. Their child appears
to have little or no skin pigmentation, very light eyes, and nearly white hair. Valerie and Scott both
have medium skin pigmentation, brown eyes, and brown hair.
47. A person with a recessive disorder/trait must have received the allele from (one or both) parent(s).
Circle the correct answer.
Sex-Linked Traits
48. Be able to perform Punnett square crosses with X-linked traits and be able to work backwards to
predict the paternal genotypes given the offspring phenotypes.
49. Where are X-linked genes located?
50. What 4 diseases/traits are considered sex-linked?
51. When males produce sperm, what percent get a X? A Y?
52. What is the approximate probability that a human offspring will be female?
53. If a female fruit fly heterozygous for red eyes (X RXr) is crossed with a white-eyed male (XrY), what
percent of their offspring would have white eyes?
54. Why are sex-linked traits more common in males than females?
55. In humans, the gene for normal vision (N) is dominant over the gene for red-green colorblindness (n).
Red-green colorblindness is more common in males than in females.
a.
Sophie, who has normal vision, has a colorblind father. She marries a colorblind male. Their
firstborn child is a son. What is the probability that their son is colorblind?
b. A mother is colorblind, but the father has normal vision. What is the probability that their first
child is a son with normal vision?
Complex Inheritance
56. What is incomplete dominance?
57. What type of inheritance is shown when a red-flowering plant is crossed with a
white-flowering plant and only pink-flowering plants are produced?
58. What is codominance?
59. ABO blood groups are controlled by codominance and _____________ ________________.
60. What does it mean if a trait is polygenic?
61. List a few human traits that are polygenic.
62. What would a graph most likely look like if you graphed the frequency of polygenic traits?
63. A man heterozygous for type B blood marries a woman with type O blood. They are expecting a child.
The chances that their first child will have type B blood is
64. A man heterozygous for type A blood marries a woman that is heterozygous for type B blood. They
are expecting a child. The chance that their child will have type O blood is
65. Mom has type B and Dad has type AB. What are the possible blood types of their children?
66. Mom has type B and Dad has type A. What are the possible blood types of their children?
Pedigrees and Karyotypes
67. What is a karyotype?
68. In a karyotype, what are the paired chromosomes in each numbered group called?
69. How many chromosomes are in a normal human karyotype?
70. What are chromosomes 1-22 called?
71. In a pedigree, what does a circle represent?
72. In a pedigree, what does a square represent?
73. In a pedigree, what does a shaded circle represent?
74. In a pedigree, what does a shaded square represent?
75. In a pedigree, what does a half-shaded shape represent?
76.
Be able to read a pedigree chart to determine the phenotype and genotype of the person in the
pedigree, and be able to identify family relationships (marriage line, siblings, male/females,
grandparent, son-in-law, sister, etc.). Be able to predict the genotype in a pedigree as well.