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Chapter 3 Human Body Systems Test INSTRUCTIONS: Match the term on the attached sheet with the definition below. The Human Body The human body is well equipped to carry out the necessary processes of life. The body has similar (1), which work together and make up a tissue. Different tissues are organized into (2). A complex activity, such as the breakdown of food for use by the cells requires an (3). This specific function is performed by the (4). Other organ systems are involved in the transport of materials into, through, and out of the body. The systems are the respiratory system, circulatory system, and the (5) system (clue: waste). Two organs systems that control body’s activities are the nervous system and the (6) system. Two other organ systems that protect the body are the immune system and the (7) system. To do all the wonderful things that humans do, it is necessary that all the body’s organ systems work together. The Digestive System The function of the digestive system is to break down food so that cells can use it. Food supplies (8) to the cells. Digestion begins in the mouth where incisors bite the food, and canines cut and tear it. Molars crush the food into a small ball called the (9). Saliva, a liquid from the salivary glands in the mouth, softens the bolus and starts breaking it down (10). Swallowed food moves down the (11) to the stomach. In the stomach, the liver adds (12) and the pancreas adds other digestive juices that break down food into a soupy liquid. Then the food moves to the (13) where it can be absorbed into the body through the (14). The leftover food that could not be digested moves to the (15), which has the (16) as its widest part. The last part of the large intestine is the rectum. The Respiratory System Your cells need oxygen to break down food for energy. Oxygen enters the body through your respiratory system. When you inhale, air passes through your nose and mouth and enters your (17), or windpipe. The trachea lets air into your right or left lung. The lungs expand as air flows into smaller branched tubes called (18). At the end of the bronchi are tiny sacs called (19). Here oxygen flows through the alveoli’s walls into the Chapter 3 Human Body Systems Test blood cells in a process called (20). The blood carries a waste product called (21) from the blood to the tubes of the lungs. Carbon dioxide is pushed out of the body when the lungs (22). The muscle that controls the movement of gases through the lungs is called (23). Oxygen in the blood can flow into a cell’s mitochondria where it reacts with a type of sugar called glucose. This reaction releases energy to the cell. The Circulatory System The circulatory system carries needed supplies like food and oxygen to the various organs and tissues, and it takes away waste. The circulatory system consists of the heart, blood vessels, and blood. The heart itself is divided into four chambers the upper left and right (24) and lower left and right (25). There are three types of blood vessels: (26) that carry blood to the heart from the body, (27) that carry blood from the heart to the body, and (28) that connect the two. An important station in the blood’s trip through the body is the lungs where (29) blood cells get (30) and leave (31). The blood’s (32) cells fight germs and break down dead cells. (33) keep blood from leaking through the thin walls of the capillaries. They also form scabs that stop cuts from bleeding. (34) is the clear liquid that carries the other parts of the blood throughout the body. The Excretory System The job of the excretory system is to get rid of wastes. In the integumentary system, sweat glands push (35) that contains waste to the surface of the skin through (36). In the urinary system, waste products are filtered and useful products are (37) to the blood. The process of the urinary system starts when the liver produces (38) to break down food. Whatever broken-down food that the body can not use leaves the liver as urea. Next, the blood containing urea flows into the bean-shaped (39) through an (40) and then to the capillaries. Once the blood reaches the (41), or individual, tiny, filters, it will be separated so that (42) material are sent back to the blood. Wastes will get caught up in (43) with semi permeable membranes and then will be held in collecting (44). The urea and other wastes reach the bladder through tubes called (45). A signal goes to the brain to indicate that the bladder needs to be emptied. Chapter 3 Human Body Systems Test Forty-five of the above terms will appear on the test. Each is worth 2 points each. The following 2 questions are worth 5 points each. A. Lance Armstrong can pump 9 gallons of blood per minute when he is competing at his best. How long will it take Lance to pump 135 gallons of blood? How long will it take another athlete who only pumps 6 gallons of blood per minute? B. Explain cellular respiration and how cells get energy to do work. The following 2 questions are extra credit and are worth 10 points each. EC 1 Shortness of breath often accompanies heart attacks, when the heart stops pumping. Explain why a malfunction in the circulatory system can cause symptoms in the respiratory system. EC 2 A physician is concerned that his patient’s kidneys are not working well. What tests might he order to test his hypothesis? Explain your answer. Chapter 3 Human Body Systems Test TERMS A B C D E F G H I J K alveoli arteies artery atrium bile Excretory blood blood vessels bolus bronchi canines C1 C2 C3 C4 C5 C6 C7 C8 C9 D1 D2 L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 A6 A7 A8 A9 B1 B2 B3 B4 B5 B6 B7 B8 B9 capillaries carbon dioxide cells chemically circulatory system colon diaphragm diffusion digestive system ducts endocrine system energy esophagus exhale feces glucose heart inferior vena cava inhale insulin integumentary system kidneys large intestine larynx liver lungs mitchodria nephrons nutrients organ system organs oxygen pancreas D3 D4 D5 D6 D7 D8 D9 E1 E2 E3 E4 E5 pharynx plasma platelets pores rectum red retruned saliva small intestine stomach superior vena cava sweat trachea tubes urea ureters urine useful vein ventricle villi water white