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acronymic The Sentence translation ALU DVD LAN WAN RAM ROM UPS UPC MS DOS ISP CBT GUI OCR POI POS VDU CAD CAE CAM LED LCD DAT PIN E-commerce PSTN ISDN EIS DSS MIS EDI EFT RSI Arithmetic and Logic Unit Digital Versatile Disk Local Area Network Wide Area Network Random Access Memory Read Only Memory Uninterruptible Power Supply Universal Product Code Microsoft Disk Operating System Internet Service Provider Computer Based Training Graphical User Interface Optical Character Recognition Point Of Information Point Of Sale Visual Display Unit Computer Aided Design Computer Aided Engineering Computer Aided Manufacturing Light Emitting Diode Light Crystal Display Digital Audio Tape Personal Identification Number Electronic Commerce Public Switched Telephone Network Integrated Services Digital Network Executive Information Systems Decision Support Systems Management Information Systems Electronic Data Interchange Electronic Funds Transfer Repetitive Strain Injury الوحدة الحسابية المنطقية قرص ُمت َعدّد االستعمال الرقمي الشبكة المحلية الشبكة الواسعة النطاق الذاكرة العشوائية ذاكرة القراءة التجهيز الكهربائي المستمر رمز المنتج العالمي نظام تشغيل القرص مايكروسوفت مزود خدمات اإلنترنت ّ مستند تدريب الكمبيوتر واجهة مستعمل بالرسوم إعتراف الشخص البصري نقطة المعلومات نقطة البيع وحدة العرض البصرية التصميم بمساعدة الحاسوب ساعد الحاسوب الهندسي ساعد الحاسوب الصناعي الضوء المبعوث من نقاط شاشة العرض البلورية الشريط السمعي الرقمي رقم الهوية الشخصية التجارة عبر اإلنترنيت شبكة هاتف النقل المحلية الشبكة الرقمية للخدمات المتكاملة أنظمة المعلومات التنفيذية أنظمة قرار الدعم أنظمة المعلومات اإلدارية تبادل البيانات االلكترونية نقل المعلومات االلكتروني جرح اإلجهاد التكراري The Sentence translation The Sentence translation peripheral devices األدوات الخارجية Software development تطوير البرامج peripherals الوحدات الملحقة Confidential data البيانات السرية Basic system unit وحدة النظام األساسية Broad concepts المفاهيم الواسعة Auxiliary Storage Devices أدوات التخزين المساعدة System requirements متطلبات النظام Organisational charts المخططات التنظيمية Financial projections التقديرات المالية Calculate figures حساب األرقام Set up profit and loss accounts إجراء عملية حساب األرباح والخسائر Integrated software البرامج المتكاملة Presentation application تطبيقات التصميم أو العرض Spreadsheet application تطبيقات برامج الجدولة Database application تطبيقات قواعد البيانات Dedicated Accounts application Word Processing application تطبيقات الحسابات المكرسة Desktop application تطبيقات سطح المكتب Encyclopaedias موسوعات Corporate headquarters مقر الشركة Accounting packages رزم المحاسبة Calculate total income حساب الدخل الكلي Calculate total expenditure حساب المصروف الكلي Current balance ميزان العمليات الجارية Programming stage مراحل البرمجة Algorithms خوارزميات Expenditure اإلنفاق Debugging التنقيح Contributions مساهمات Statistic packages رزم إحصائية Unpredictable متقلب Information Society مجتمع المعلومات تطبيقات معالج النصوص TRUE FOULS Getting Started The letters 'IT' stand for Information Technology When comparing mainframe, mini, network and personal computers, A personal computer can be networked. A mainframe can serve many terminals. Personal computers are the most popular type of computer for home use. Peripheral devices are part of hardware. Because of its size, a laptop is cheaper than a PC of the same specification. A mini computer is the last expensive type of computer. Hardware The central processing unit comprises an arithmetic and logic unit, a control unit and: Internal register memory. :تشمل وحدة المعالجة المركزية ذاكرة السجل الداخلية- وحدة سيطرة-وحدة حسابية منطقية The speed of the Central Processing Unit is measured in : A track ball is exactly the same as a mouse. Megahertz Digitising tablets are used to quickly enter With OCR software, scanned text can be edited. digits into a spreadsheet. Only one output unit can be connected at a The resolution of a computer monitor affects its clarity. time to a CPU. Computer screen resolution is measured in pixels to the A high scan rate on a computer monitor inch. can cause eyestrain. A daisy wheel printer is not an impact LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. printer. Traction feed uses rollers, as in a A computer monitor is measured from corner to corner. typewriter, to grip the paper. Dot Matrix Printer can produce coloured text and graphic A CD-R disk is a read only format. output. An inkjet printer sprays ink to create the image Storage Data stored on tape is slower to access than data stored on a local hard disk. Tape is ideal for archiving large files. Zip drives provide economical expandable storage. Data stored in ROM can be referred to but not changed. RAM is often referred to as main memory. RAM contents change constantly as the computer is used. It takes approximately 1 byte to store 1 character. Data is retained in RAM when the PC is switched off. ROM is volatile memory. The keyboard converts the characters that you type into data. Some powerful PCs do not need an operating system. With suitable applications installed, PCs can process graphics as well as text. Software The operating system controls peripheral devices such as disk drives. The letters GUI stand for Graphical user interface. With suitable applications installed, PCs can process graphics as well as text. Most applications work with any operating system. The Keyboard converts the characters that you type into data. Some powerful PCs do not need an operating system. Information Networks A network linking computers over cities and countries is Applications cannot be shared over a called a WAN. WAN. Databases can be accessed by many users who are connected to a LAN. LANs enable those connected to them to share printers. A network of computers linked within a building is called a LAN. The maximum speed of each modem is fixed. The letters kbps stands for kilobytes per second. Baud defines the switching rate of a data transfer line. Telex is a data communications service using terminals to transmit and receive messages. Digital measurement changes in steps and is counted in separate numbers. Approximately how many seconds would it take to transfer a 140kilobyte file using a 56Kbps modem? 20 With only one telephone line you cannot make telephone calls when sending or receiving e-mail. An electronic mailing list contains all the addresses to which you have send e-mail. The speed of your modem critically affects your ability to use You need to time the arrival of e-mail to be the Internet. sure that the recipient is online. All e-mail addresses include the address of the You can use a Unix workstation to connect to the Internet. user's ISP. E-mail messages cannot include audio content. The Internet is a global network of computer networks. Computers in everyday life Programs are available to prevent access to sites on the Internet that have adult themes. use of computers in business office automation refers to: the use of computers to integrate office functions Computers can be used to monitor production lines. You can view goods on the Internet but must order them using traditional methods. CAD is used to carry out Computer Aided Diagnostics during the manufacturing process. government can use EFT to: Electronically transfers benefit payments. With interactive multimedia the student can interact with the materials on screen. You usually have three chances to enter a correct PIN before an ATM retains your card. A barcode is a unique combination of vertical lines used to carry product information. Credit cards have either a microchip or magnetic strip, which stores the user's signature. IT and society The Information Society creates employment for a large number of people. The arrival of the Information Society has helped to reduce fuel consumption and traffic pollution. Computers and telecommunications are an essential part of the Information Society. Those confined to the home can benefit from advances in technology. Adoption of international standards has helped to reduce the cost of computers. RSI can occur if the same action is carried out repeatedly using the same muscle group. When working with PCs the work area should have moderate indirect lighting. Adequate ventilation is essential for both the PC and the user. When working on a PC your feet should be firmly on the ground or on a firm support. If you open the case, static electricity from your body can damage your PC's circuits. A Surge Suppresser stops large jolts of electricity from damaging PCs. Cable tracks are used to secure potentially hazardous computer cables. It's good practice to use a separate electric socket outlet for each PC. Ordinary daylight does not damage floppy disks. The Information causes huge unemployment while offering on real job opportunities. A high refresh rate on a computer monitor increases eyestrain. It doesn't matter how close you sit to the back or side of someone else's PC monitor. High temperatures do not damage floppy disks. Locking a disk prevents its data from being accidentally erased. Security, Copyright and the law The process of making a copy of a computer file on a separate storage device is known as computer Backup Data security includes protection of data from loss by A call back modem automatically 'calls back' if the line is busy. theft, fire of flood. Those controlling backups of personal data must protect them from unauthorised access. Encrypted files cannot be read without the use of a special code. Access privileges can give different users different security clearance levels. Write protecting a disk protects it from possible virus If a virus attacks the File Allocation table it doesn't cause permanent damage to your data attack. Viruses can spread via contaminated software Virus protection software can usually detect infection but can't disinfect the system. downloaded from the Internet. Formatting a hard drive infected with a virus will enable the disk to be used again. Copies of most commercial software have a unique serial number. A single user license is for one person's use. Data protection laws limit how private and personal information is stored and how it can be used. The general public can access Registers of data Users. Once you have purchased a piece of software you can do anything you like with it. Employee assessments and disciplinary reports are not protected by privacy laws. There is one global data protection Act. Registers of data Users are intended to prevent software piracy. Individuals don't have the right to update or erase their personal data held on public record systems.