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3 Essential Prefixes and More Student Objectives After completing Chapter 3, the student will be able to do the following: 1. Write the meaning of Chapter 3 word parts, or match word parts with their meanings. 2. Use prefixes for numbers, quantities, position, and direction to write medical terms. 3. Use combining forms for colors to write medical terms. 4. Identify and combine word parts correctly, and use clues to write medical terms. 5. Write the correct term when presented with its definition, or match terms with their definitions. 6. Build and analyze medical terms with Chapter 3 word parts. 7. Spell medical terms correctly. Classroom Activities A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. J. Matching Prefixes Writing Combining Forms Writing the Meanings of Word Parts Writing Suffixes Writing Combining Forms Writing Terms: Colors Writing Terms: Numbers, Quantities, Measurement, Position, and Direction Crossword Puzzle Spanish Terms Quick Quest A. Matching Prefixes Match prefixes in the left column with their meanings in the right column. (Answers may be used more than once.) _________ 1. bi- a. above normal _________ 2. di- b. below normal _________ 3. hyper- c. first _________ 4. hypo- d. four _________ 5. macro- e. half or partly _________ 6. micro- f. large _________ 7. mono- g. many _________ 8. multi- h. none _________ 9. nulli- i. one _________ 10. poly- j. small _________ 11. primi- k. three _________ 12. quadri- l. two _________ 13. tetra_________ 14. tri_________ 15. uni- Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ 80 B. Writing Combining Forms Write combining forms for the following colors. 1. black __________________________________ 2. blue __________________________________ 3. green __________________________________ 4. red __________________________________ 5. yellow __________________________________ 6. white __________________________________ C. Writing the Meanings of Prefixes Write the meanings of the following word parts. 1. ab- __________________________________ 2. anti- __________________________________ 3. diplo- __________________________________ 4. ecto- __________________________________ 5. en- __________________________________ 6. endo- __________________________________ 7. in- __________________________________ 8. milli- __________________________________ 9. para- __________________________________ 10. pre- __________________________________ 11. sub- __________________________________ 12. supra- __________________________________ D. Writing Suffixes Write suffixes for each of the following. 1. capable of destroying ________________________ 2. hardening ________________________ 3. instrument for recording ________________________ 4. instrument used for viewing ________________________ 5. movement ________________________ 6. nutrition ________________________ 7. paralysis ________________________ 8. process of destroying ________________________ 9. process of measuring ________________________ 10. producing or forming ________________________ 11. seizure ________________________ 12. speech ________________________ Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 81 E. Writing Combining Forms Write combining forms for the following. 1. air ________________________ 2. dead ________________________ 3. drugs or medicine ________________________ 4. fiber ________________________ 5. head ________________________ 6. hidden ________________________ 7. voice ________________________ 8. stupor ________________________ 9. thirst ________________________ 10. tissue ________________________ F. Writing Terms: Colors Write terms that use the combining forms for colors. 1. Combine a word part with -cyte to write a term that means a red cell: ____________________. 2. Combine a word part with -osis to write a term that means a slightly bluish discoloration of the skin: ____________________. 3. Combine a word part with -oma to write a term with a literal translation of black tumor: ___________________. 4. Combine a word part meaning white with the suffix -ism to denote the condition marked by a lack of pigment: ____________________. 5. Combine a word part with -phyll to write a term that means a yellow pigment: ____________________. Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ 82 G. Writing Terms: Numbers, Quantities, Measurement, Position, and Direction Write terms that use the prefixes for numbers, quantities, measurement, position, and direction. 1. Hyperthyroidism means excessive thyroid function, so the term that means below normal thyroid function is ____________________. 2. Unicellular means composed of one cell, and ____________________ means composed of many cells. 3. One-hundredth of a meter is a ____________________. 4. A unipara has had one pregnancy resulting in a live birth, so the term that describes a woman who has given birth three times to viable offspring is ____________________. 5. Quadriplegia is paralysis of all four extremities, and paralysis of half of the body is called ____________________. 6. Intermuscular means situated between muscles, and ____________________ means situated within a muscle. 7. An intradermal injection places small amounts of a drug into the outer layers of the skin, but the literal translation of a ____________________ drug is one that can be absorbed across the skin. 8. Percutaneous means through the skin, so ____________________ means under the skin. 9. Tachycardia means an increased pulse rate, and ____________________ means a decreased pulse rate. 10. Adduction is the act of drawing toward, so ____________________ is the act of drawing away from. Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 83 H. Crossword Puzzle Write a term for each clue given. 1 2 3 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 20 22 18 19 21 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 ACROSS ACROSS to one side 25 benign, fatty tumor 5. pertaining 26 study of fungi that causes destruction red cells 6. a substance 5 pertaining to one side 27 normalof thyroid 6 a substance which causes in which 28 pertaining to the must death of condition a person 8. an abnormal destruction of red cells tissue sit or8stand to breathe comfortably an abnormal condition in 29 muscle that draws a part person must sit or toward the midline of the the anasal cavity 9. behind which stand to breath body red blood cell 10. very large comfortably 30 a bluish discoloration of innasal which have 13. a condition 9 behind the cavity all objectsthe skin a 10 verytinge large red blood cell 31 within the skin greenish 13 a condition in which all of air oxygen 14. absenceobjects haveor a greenish DOW N tissue 15. study oftinge 14 absence of air or oxygen 1 instrument used to crush a discoloration of the skincalculus and mucous 16. yellow 15 study of tissue 16 yellow discoloration of the 2 destruction of tissue by membranes skin and mucous application of extreme cold using a microscope 17. examination membranes 3 beneath the skin 17 examination using a 4 pertaining to the head pigment of blood 22. iron-containing microscope 7 difficulty in swallowing fatty tumor 25. benign, 22 iron-containing pigment of 11 embryonic form of red fungi 26. study ofblood blood cell 27. normal thyroid 28. pertaining to the death of tissue 29. muscle that draws a part toward the midline of the body 30. a bluish discoloration of the skin 31. within the skin 31 DOWN 1. instrument used to crush a calculus 2. destruction of tissue by application of extreme the skin the study cold of cells fever-producing substance beneath the skin 3. or agent absence of water to the head 4. pertaining pus-producing difficulty in swallowing 7. slow pulse embryonic form of red blood cell 11. abnormally rapid speech middle embryonic layer of drugs that can be absorbed 12. descriptive through the skin 18. the study of cells 19. fever-producing substance or agent 20. absence of water 21. pus-producing 23. slow pulse 24. abnormally rapid speech 26. middle embryonic layer 12 descriptive of drugs that can be absorbed through 18 19 20 21 23 24 26 Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard 84 Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ I. Spanish Terms Match the English word to its Spanish equivalent. ___ 1. fainting a. ataque ___ 2. fever b. daño ___ 3. injury c. fiebre ___ 4. life d. habla ___ 5. seizure e. languidez ___ 6. speech f. sed ___ 7. thirst g. vida ___ 8. defecate h. cabeza ___ 9. head i. debilidad ___ 10. light j. evacuar ___ 11. voice k. luz ___ 12. weakness l. voz J. Quick Quest Categorize the following terms as related to (a) anatomy, (b) disease or disorder, (c) nonsurgical treatment, or (d) surgery. The suffix often indicates its category. ___ 1. abductor a. anatomy (structure) ___ 2. albinism b. disease or disorder ___ 3. antacids c. nonsurgical treatment ___ 4. aphasia d. surgery ___ 5. bicuspid ___ 6. bradycardia ___ 7. bradyphasia ___ 8. carcinoma ___ 9. cardiomegaly ___10. chloropia ___11. contraceptives ___12. cryosurgery ___13. cryptorchidism ___14. dermal ___15. hyperglycemia ___16. hypocalcemia ___17. lithiasis ___18. narcolepsy ___19. necrosis ___20. quadriplegia Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 85 Test Items I. Multiple Choice Questions Select one answer (a-d) for each of the following. 1. Inflammation of the tissue adjacent to or near the appendix is called: a. appendicitis b. endoappendicitis c. para-appendicitis d. retroappendicitis 2. Abnormal slowness of speech is called: a. bradyphasia b. dysphagia c. phagocytosis d. tachyphasia 3. Anticonvulsive is a term that means: a. an agent that causes convulsions b. an agent that is used to prevent convulsions c. a term that refers to epilepsy d. a term that refers to narcolepsy 4. Hypoparathyroidism is: a. a descriptive term for tissue around the parathyroids b. above-normal secretion of the parathyroids c. below-normal secretion of the parathyroids d. normal secretion of the parathyroids 5. A term that means able to live without oxygen is: a. aerobic b. aerosol c. a-aerobic d. anaerobic 6. A type of drug that can be absorbed through the skin surface is: a. intercellular b. intradermal c. subcutaneous d. transdermal 7. Which of the following terms does not contain a prefix that indicates location? a. bradyphasia b. endotracheal c. mesonasal d. peritonsillar 8. Which of the following terms contains a word part that means yellow? a. chloropia b. cyanotic c. melancholy d. xanthosis 9. Which of the following terms does not contain a word part that indicates large or enlarged? a. cephalomegaly b. macrocyte c. microscope d. megalocytosis Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard 86 Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ 10. A fever-producing agent is called a: a. pyoderma b. pyogen c. pyrogen d. pyrophobia 11. Painful or difficult movement is: a. bradykinesia b. dyskinesia c. kinesiotherapy d. tachykinesia 12. A term for a cell that ingests particulate matter is: a. erythrocyte b. megalocyte c. melanocyte d. phagocyte 13. Surgical crushing of a stone is: a. calculus b. lithiasis c. lithogenesis d. lithotripsy 14. Cephalometry is: a. a headache b. an instrument used to measure the head c. measurement of the head d. study of the head 15. Unusual sensitivity of the eyes to light is: a. ophthalmitis b. ophthalmopathy c. optometry d. photophobia 16. Abnormal preoccupation with fire is: a. pyrogenesis b. pyromania c. pyromaniac d. pyrophobia 17. A term for a white blood cell is: a. chlorocyte b. erythrocyte c. leukocyte d. melanocyte 18. The term for an instrument used to record the electrical impulses of the brain is: a. electroencephalogram b. electroencephalograph c. electroencephalography d. electrocephology Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 87 19. The combining form in the term narcotic means: a. drug or medicine b. illegal c. seizure d. stupor 20. A term that means originating in the mind is: a. psychic b. psychogenic c. psychologic d. psychology 21. Dissolving or destruction of a calculus is called: a. lithogenesis b. litholysis c. glycogenesis d. glycolysis 22. A lipoma is: a. the breakdown of lipids in digestion b. a benign tumor composed of fatty tissue c. surgical crushing of a stone d. an ectopic pregnancy 23. Death of areas of tissue or bone surrounded by healthy tissues is called: a. necrophobia b. necrosis c. pyrogen d. pyoderma 24. A term that means a malignant, pigmented tumor is: a. carcinogen b. cyanosis c. melanoma d. mycology 25. Pyoderma is: a. an inflammatory disease of the skin in which pus is produced b. any inflamed condition of the skin c. the structure, function, and composition of the skin d. an abnormal fear of touching dead tissue 26. Ophthalmopathy means: a. any disease of the eye b. inflammation of the eye c. one who tests the eyes to measure visual acuity d. pertaining to the eyes 27. A chronic ailment that consists of recurrent attacks of drowsiness and sleep is: a. epilepsy b. narcolepsy c. photophobia d. polydipsia Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard 88 Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ 28. Aphonia is: a. absence of speech b. difficult speech c. rapid speech d. absence or loss of voice 29. Destruction of tissue by application of extreme cold temperatures is: a. cryosurgery b. hemolysis c. histocompatibility d. pharmacotherapy 30. A serious condition in which the body temperature is greatly elevated because of retention of body heat is called: a. cryptorchidism b. hyperthermia c. hypothermia d. orthopnea 31. Inflammation of the skin caused by a fungus is: a. cutaneous b. dermatology c. dermatosis d. mycodermatitis 32. Carcinoma means the same as: a. cancer b. fungus c. stupor d. syndrome 33. Endotracheal means: a. above the trachea b. at the side of the trachea c. behind the trachea d. inside the trachea 34. A term that means pertaining to the skin is: a. cryotherapy b. cyanosis c. dermal d. dysphagia 35. Cryptorchidism means: a. tissue compatibility b. undescended testicle c. within a vein d. without water 36. Macrocephaly means: a. enlarged head b. large cell c. small cell d. small head Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 89 37. The study of fungi is: a. microscopy b. mycology c. oncology d. pathology 38. Tachycardia means: a. increased blood pressure b. decreased blood pressure c. decreased pulse rate d. increased pulse rate 39. A term that describes normal thyroid function is: a. euthyroid b. hyperthyroid c. hypothyroid d. thyroidosis 40. The term for any condition that renders some particular line of treatment improper is a(n): a. antipathology b. continence c. contraindication d. incontinence 41. Which term means a red blood cell? a. erythrocyte b. leukocyte c. microcyte d. phagocyte 42. A record or tracing of the electrical impulses of the heart is called an: a. electrocardiograph b. electrocardiogram c. electrocardiography d. electrocardiopathy 43. Destruction of red blood cells that results in liberation of hemoglobin is: a. hemolysis b. hemolysin c. hemolyze d. erythrocytosis 44. A term for a muscle that draws a body part away from the midline of the body is an: a. abductor b. adductor c. albino d. erythroblast 45. A term for any disease caused by defective nutrition or metabolism is: a. dystrophy b. necrosis c. oncology d. rachischisis Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard 90 Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More __________________________________________________ 46. A term that means the production or origin of cancer is: a. cancerous b. carcinogen c. carcinogenic d. carcinogenesis 47. A term for a large cell, usually restricted to mean an extremely large red blood cell, is: a. erythrocyte b. megalocyte c. microcyte d. phagocyte 48. Examination of cells is called: a. cystoscope b. cytoscopy c. orthoscope d. orthoscopy 49. The term that means an individual with congenital absence of pigment in the skin, hair, and eyes is: a. albino b. aphasia c. hemolytic d. nullipara 50. A condition in which deficiency of oxygen results in a slightly bluish, slatelike color of the skin is: a. cyanosis b. erythrocytosis c. melancholy d. xanthosis Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard ________________________________________________ Chapter 3 Essential Prefixes and More 91 II. Writing Medical Terms Write one word for each of the following. 1. cancer-causing substance __________________________________ 2. difficult speech __________________________________ 3. destruction of tissue by electrical current __________________________________ 4. double vision __________________________________ 5. excessive thirst __________________________________ 6. paralysis of one side of the body __________________________________ 7. pertaining to the head __________________________________ 8. record produced in electrocardiography __________________________________ 9. within the muscle __________________________________ 10. without fever __________________________________ III. Spelling Medical Terms Some of the terms in this list are correctly spelled, and others are incorrect. Circle all terms that are incorrectly spelled and write the correct spelling. 1. arobic __________________________________ 2. bradicardia __________________________________ 3. extopic __________________________________ 4. hemeglobin __________________________________ 5. jaundice __________________________________ Quick & Easy Medical Terminology, 6th ed. Copyright © 2011 by Saunders, an imprint of Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. Some material was previously published. Leonard