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Week One Question 1 Which of the following is NOT a product of the chemical weathering of potassium feldspar? Answer silica potassium ions iron oxide clay Question 2 Igneous rock is formed ________. Answer by the weathering of pre-existing rocks by changes in mineral composition at great depth within Earth by crystallization of molten rock Question 3 Which common mineral is composed entirely of silicon and oxygen? Answer calcite diamond olivine quartz Question 4 Atoms that have an electrical charge due to a gain or loss of electrons are called __________. Answer isotopes ions isochrones periodic elements Question 5 Which of the following has the highest specific gravity? Answer wood water gold quartz Question 6 Which one of the following is an igneous rock? Answer limestone rhyolite slate shale Question 7 Which of the following minerals is a silicate? Answer hematite feldspar calcite halite Question 8 Which of these factors does not influence the type of mechanical weathering of rocks? Answer biological activity unloading frost wedging clay mineral content Question 9 Obsidian exhibits a(n) __________ texture. Answer fine-grained glassy coarse-grained porphyritic Question 10 Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified (named) primarily on the basis of __. Answer color type of bedding composition particle size Question 11 Describe how weathering activity differs in different climates. Considering the various processes involved in both mechanical and chemical weathering, what are some specific environmental factors that influence or control the rate of weathering? And, of those factors, which would be most important? Why? Answer Question 12 First, identify some of the most important elements that compose Earth’s continental crust. Which two seem to be the most important and why? Second, describe some of the physical properties that provide a reliable means to identify common minerals. Also, discuss how certain properties can exhibit a range of characteristics or values, thus making them less useful for identification purposes. And of all the properties discussed, which seem to be the least useful and why? Give at least two examples. Week Two Question 1 Question 2 Question 2 The release of water vapor to the atmosphere by plants is called __________. Answer evaporation degassing transpiration infiltration Question 2 The transfer of rock material downslope under the influence of gravity is termed ________. Answer weathering erosion mass wasting exfoliation Question 3 _________ are characteristics of downcutting streams and a youthful stage of valley evolution. Answer Rapids and lots of whitewater Wide floodplains A U-shaped, cross-valley profiles Meandering channels and natural levees Question 4 Where is the world’s largest ice sheet located today? Answer Greenland Russia, Siberia Iceland Antarctica Question 5 Drumlins are __________. Answer composed of outwash ridges formed on top of a glacier formed in the zone of fracture not found singly, but in clusters Question 6 During the most recent ice age, glaciers covered about _______ percent of Earth's land area. Answer 3 10 30 50 Question 7 Which process occurs where a glacier enters the sea? Answer kaming calving surging drowning Question 8 The controlling force of mass wasting is _______. Answer water gravity composition earthquakes Question 9 ___________ describes the maximum sediment load that can be transported by a stream. Answer Capacity Bed load Competence Hydro-load factor Question 10 A stream begins at an elevation of 200 meters and flows a distance of 400 kilometers to the ocean. What is the average gradient? Answer 2 m/km 2 km/m 0.5 m/km 0.5 km/in Question 11 When examining the geology of a region for potential useable aquifers, what characteristics or factors would you consider? Also, taking into account certain natural and human factors, which areas would you avoid? Answer Question 12 Wind is included along with gravity, water, and ice as an agent of erosion. In many areas of natural beauty, statements are often made that credit wind as having sculpted the landscape. Briefly discuss the importance of wind as an agent of erosion and explain why such statements are probably inaccurate. Question 13 Week Two Discussion Discuss how the current state of glaciers on earth fit into the long term scheme of climate change, global warming and ice age events.
