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TIME LINE OF FRANCE Middle Ages (481-1453) 637: Dagobert I, last Mervingian king 732: Charles Martel defeats Muslims at Poitiers, stopping Arab invasion 751: Pepin II "The Short" becomes king of the Franks 755: Franks protect the church against Lombards and create the Papal States 768-814: Charlemagne rules as King of the Franks 800: Charlemagne crowned Holy Roman Emperor by Pope Leo III 814-40: Louis the Pious succeeds Charlemagne as emperor 843: Treaty of Verdun partitions the Carolingian Empire 870: Treaty of Mersen allows eastern and western Frankish kingdoms to absorb the fragmented middle lands 910: Foundation of the monastery of Cluny 987: Hugh Capet starts Capetian dynasty 1095: Pope Urban II preaches the First Crusade- link: The Crusades 1066: William of Normandy invades England; Battle of Hastings 1120: St Denis Cathedral is rebuilt: birth of Gothic architecture 1189-92: Third Crusade; crusaders fail to recover the Holy Land 1200: University of Paris starts messenger service 1202: Fourth Crusade launched; crusaders capture Constantinople 1209: Pope Innocent III launches the Albigensian Crusade in southern France 1305-1378: The Avignon Papacy 1337-1443: Hundred Years' War 1453: English out of France except for Calais Renaissance (1453-1598) da VINCI 1464: King of France establishes postal system 1494-1559: Italian Wars- France and Austria fight over Italian territories 1515: François I crowned King 1519: Leonardo da Vinci dies in the arms of François I 1547-59: Reign of Henry II 1562-98: The Wars of Religion 1572: Massacre of Protestants on St. Bartholomew's Eve in Paris 1589-1593: Henri IV becomes 1st Bourbon King and converts to Catholicism, ending Wars of Religion Grand Siecle (1598-1715) FIRST AUTOMATIC CALCULATOR 1608: Founding of Quebec 1617: Louis XIII crowned at the age of 17 1624: Cardinal Richelieu becomes principal minister 1631: A French newspaper carries classified ads 1642: Blaise Pascal invents the Pascaline - an automatic calculator 1643-1715: Louis XIV becomes king with Mazarin as principal minister 1682: Royal court moves to Versailles 1685: Louis revokes the Edict of Nantes 1715: Louis XIV dies and Louis XV accedes Revolution (1715-1804) 1762: Rousseau's Social Contract 1769: Napoleon Bonaparte born in Ajaccio, Corsica 1774: Louis XVI becomes king 1778-83: The kingdom supports the American Revolution 1789: French Revolution, storming of La Bastille 1792: Louis XVI tried for treason and convicted; monarchy abolished 1793: Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette are guillotined in Paris 1794: Robespierre overthrown and end of Reign of Terror Napoleonic Era (1804-1870) PUNCH CARD LOOM 1796: Napoleon weds Rose de Beauharnais (the future Empress Joséphine) 1799: Robert in France invents a paper-making machine 1799: French soldiers discover the Rosetta Stone 1799: General Bonaparte enters Paris 1801: Joseph-Marie Jacquard invents a loom using punch cards 1803-15: Napoleonic Wars expand the Empire 1804: Bonaparte crowns himself Emperor Napoleon I 1808: Napoleon Commercial Code goes into effect, standardizing commercial practices throughout the French Empire 1809: The baccalaureate examination is established 1814: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba 1814–24: Reign of Louis XVIII 1814: Congress of Vienna begins to remake Europe after the downfall of Napoleon 1815: Napoleon enters Paris, the beginning of the "100 Days" 1815: Napoleon defeated at Waterloo 1815: Napoleon is deported to Santa Helena, an island off the coast of Africa 1824–30: Reign of Charles X 1827: Nicéphore Niépce makes a true photograph 1829: Louis-Jacques-Mandé Daguerre (1787-1851) joins Niépce to pursue photographic inventions 1830-48: Reign of Louis Philippe 1839: Daguerre annouces invention of first practical camera 1852: Napoleon I's nephew crowned as Emperor Napoleon III 1853: Haussman redesigns Paris 1854: Bourseul in France builds an experimental telephone 19th Century MONET 1870-71: Franco-Prussian War 1871: Third Republic 1889: Eiffel Tower built 1895: Lumière brothers build a portable movie camera. 1895: Paris audience sees movies projected. (Leaving the Lumière Factories - Dec. 28, 1895) 1898-1906: The Dreyfus Affair - anti-Semitic French army 20th Century DE GAULLE 1905: CharlesPathé colors black and white films by machine. 1907: Lumière brothers invent still color photography process. 1914-18: World War I 1919: Versailles Treaty 1929-39: The Depression 1939: France declares war on Germany 1940: Paris falls, Vichy's government formed 1944-45: D-Day and Allied victory and Fourth Republic led by de Gaulle 1946-54: War in Indochina 1954-58: War of Algeria 1958: De Gaulle initiates 5th Republic 1968: General strikes and students' riots in Paris