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FRENCH ART | circa 1600 – 1800 Mezzanine, Armande Billion Gallery Claude Gellée (called Claude Lorrain) (French 1600-1682), Ideal View of Tivoli, 1644 Nicolas Colombel (1644-1717), Adoration of the Magi, 1693-1699 Nicolas de Largilliere (French, 1656-1746), Self Portrait, 1711 Charles Joseph Natoire (French, 1700-1777), The Toilet of Psyche, c. 1735 Françoise Boucher (French, 1703-1770), The Surprise (Woman with a Cat),1730-1732 (on loan) Jean-Baptiste Grueze (French, 1725-1805), Portrait of Mme. Gougenot de Croissy, 1757 Hubert Robert (French, 1732-1808), The Park of Saint-Cloud, 1768 Antoine Françoise Callet (French, 1742-1823), Portrait of Louis XVI, King of France, c. 17821783 Charles-Joseph Vernet (French, 1714-1789), The Morning: Port Scene, 1780 Elisabeth Louise Vigée Le Brun (French, 1755-1842), Portrait of Marie Antoinette, Queen of France, c. 1788 Jean-Joseph Taillasson (French, 1745-1809), Coriolanus Beseeched by His Mother and Wife, circa 1791 ROCOCO: movement associated with the reign of Louis XV, graceful, light and playful style (1730- 1780) typified by use of delicately curving forms derived from plants, shells and rocks; subject matter includes scenes of elegant outdoor parties, courtship and daily activities often set against flourishing, mythological backdrops. • • • playful energetic light, graceful and delicate NEOCLASSICISM: art movement (1770-1830) that followed the model of ancient Greece and Rome; style depends on rational rules of symmetry and harmony; emphasis is placed on drawing and line; promoted moral actions and national pride; canvas surfaces are smooth and flat. Classicism: referring to ancient Greek (1000 to 31 BC) and Roman (753 BC - 400 AD) art; harmony and balance are its underlying features. • • • reflected glory of Greece & grandeur of Rome illustrated stories of ancient history or mythology backgrounds included Roman architecture • • emphasized drawing and line role of art was morally uplifting ROMANTICISM: revolt against the formality and intellectualism of Neoclassicism; movement (1790s to 1830s) emphasized emotional expression; style uses dramatic lighting, strong diagonal lines and rich, unrestrained color; images have a spontaneous feeling, though each mark was calculated; brushstrokes were quick and often applied in impasto (thickly applied paint); grand, heroic or tragic scenes of battle or love were popular. • • • • emotional imaginative quick brushstrokes strong light and shade contrasts • • • • use of diagonal rich, unrestrained color spontaneous impasto brushstroke SALON: Name given to the official exhibition of the members of the French Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, first held in 1667. Held annually, this was the only government sponsored and controlled exhibition for artists. The Salon defined taste for artists and patrons and was the only real exhibition for contemporary artists in France until the end of the 19th century. IMPORTANT DATES IN FRENCH HISTORY 1635 1643 1648 1651 1682 1685 1715 1718 1748 1759 1762 1772 1774 1779 1784 1789 1793 1803 1804 1804 1812 1815 1826 1827 1830s 1839 1840 1841 1848 1857 1860 1863 1867 1870 1873 1874 1876 1877 1881 1885 1889 French Academy of Language and Literature established Louis XIV comes to power, begins his 72 year reign Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture established Ballet introduced to French court French court moves to Versailles Edict of Nantes revoked Louis XV comes to power in France New Orleans founded Pompeii uncovered, excavations of Pompeii and Herculeneum begin Voltaire publishes Candide Rousseau pens The Social Contract Diderot completes Encyclopédie Louis XVI comes to power Vigée-Le Brun begins to paints for Marie Antoinette David paints The Oath of the Horatii French Revolution begins Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette executed; France declared a republic Louisiana Purchase is signed Napoleon crowns himself emperor Mona Lisa is moved from Napoleon's bedroom to Louvre Napoleon's Empire reaches greatest extent Napoleon defeated at Waterloo Odes et Ballades is written by Hugo Ingres paints Apotheosis of Homer Balzac publishes La Comédie Humaine Daguerre and Niépce publish findings on photography Because of prosecution of Christians in French Indochine, France begins military involvement in China Portable tubes for oil paint invented allowing artists to work outdoors Napoleon III comes to power Flaubert publishes Madame Bovary Pasteur invents techniques of sterilization to kill bacteria Manet exhibits Luncheon on the Grass and causes great scandal Japanese prints exhibited at Exposition Universalle in Paris Franco-Prussian war begins Degas visits American relatives in New Orleans Impressionist group holds first exhibition Rodin sculpts Age of Bronze Zola publishes L'Assommoir Parisian population hits 2,200,000 Muybridge, an American, photographs movement of horses Eiffel Tower built; Van Gogh paints Starry Night IMPORTANT DATES IN WORLD HISTORY 1660 1671 1682 1720 1722 1742 1751 1762 1765 1776 1783 1789 1796 1800 1804 1810 1811 1813 1829 1832 1835 1837 1839 1846 1847 1848 1853 1858 1859 1861 1865 1865 1869 1871 1872 1876 1884 1886 1890 1895 1897 1897 1898 English monarchy restored after death of Cromwell Newton invents telescope Peter the Great takes power in Russia Bach writes first Brandenburg Concerto Ba'al Shem Tov founds Hasidism, a vibrant orthodox movement within Judaism Color print introduced in Japan Chinese invade Tibet Catherine the Great rules as Empress of Russia Watt invents steam engine Declaration of Independence written Beethoven writes first composition at age 13 Washington is elected first president of United States Jenner discovers smallpox vaccine Goya paints Family of Charles IV Haiti becomes independent country from France Elgin marbles from the Parthenon first exhibited in London Bolivár leads South American Revolution Austen writes Pride and Prejudice Non-Euclidean geometry developed Greece gains freedom from Ottoman Empire Boers of South Africa begin Great Trek to find new territory free from British rule Queen Victoria crowned queen of England, rules until 1901 Opium Wars between Britain and China begin Neptune discovered Emily Brontë authors Wuthering Heights Marx and Engels issue Communist Manifesto Commodore Perry opens trade with Japan China opens to trade with west Darwin publishes Origin of Species Garibaldi unites Italy; American Civil War begins Treaty of Appomattox is signed, ending Civil War Mendel establishes ideas of genetics Suez Canal built Wilhelm I is crowned German Emperor, unifying Germany Civil War breaks out in Spain Hinduism witnesses reform under impact of western thought Treaty of Berlin defines rights of 14 European powers in Africa Nietzsche pens Beyond Good and Evil Battle of Wounded Knee is fought Freud develops psychoanalysis Mosquitoes discovered as source of malaria Large collection of Benin art is exhibited throughout Europe Curie discovers radium