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United States History Lecture Outline Isolationism through World War Two Part I: U.S. Isolationism Leads to Greater Problems Abroad Steps to Curtail Immigration Public Prejudice Foreign workers “taking” jobs Non-Northern Europeans had less to offer as Americans The Reality America did not need as many workers Unskilled Jobs (railroads etc.) were greatly reduced Quota System Favored Northern Europeans First Phase: 3% of 1910 census demographics Second Phase: 2% of 1890 demographics Economic Issues Increased Trade Tariffs on imported goods Other countries retaliated producing a "trade war" Tariffs compounded the economic problems of the 1930’s Tariffs make it more difficult for Germany to meet reparations payments German economy is ruined…serves as rallying point for the Nazi Party Fascist governments proliferate around the world NAME COUNTRY GOALS Mussolini Warlords Hitler Franco Italy Japan Germany Spain Revival of the Roman Empire Pan-Asian Empire World Domination/Racial Order Absolute power in Spain Early Aggressive Actions Arms build up to refresh damaged economies Naval Arms Race (5(U.S.):5(GB):3(JP) Naval Agreement Manchuria invaded by Japan (1931) Italy attacks Ethiopia (1935) Japan breaks the international naval treaty 5:5:3 The Axis Powers form (1936) Part II: From Isolationism to War Various Views of War in America in 1939 Isolationism Pacifism Interventionism Avoiding problems of past wars Neutrality Acts War Materials Shipment Restrictions Travel Restrictions Appeasement and Diplomacy More Aggressive Actions Move America Closer to War Panay Incident (1937) Japanese incursions in China increase Spanish Civil War is underway (funding by Ger. And USSR) Germany annexes Austria Munich Agreement (Germany gains part of Czechoslovakia called the Sudetenland) Germany invades remainder of Czech. (1939) Italy invades Albania (1939) Ultimatum of the Allies not to invade Poland America Prepares for War Increased production of war materials Formation of the Pan American Mutual Defense Treaty (about 20 countries) WWII Begins in Europe Germany / USSR sign Non-Aggression Pact (late Summer 1939) Germany attacks Poland (Sept. 1st 1939) Allies declare war (Sept. 3rd 1939) America responds to the war in Europe Amendments to the Neutrality Acts Cash and Carry Lend / Lease (later) Military Buffer Zone around the Americas is declared Early Axis Advances in WWII Blitzkrieg style fighting Germany has control of Continental Europe by the Summer of 1940 Germany Attacks USSR in June of 1941 German U-boats successful against allied convoys Japan Attacks Pearl Harbor in December of 1941 Part III: America in World War Two: Japan Exploits the Momentum of the Pearl Harbor Attack Naval Advantage Japan conquers various areas: Guam Philippines Singapore Wake Island Midway Island Hong Kong Thailand Japan defeats U.S. and British forces at the battle of Java Sea Japan is poised to invade Australia America prepares to go on the offensive in the Pacific United States agreed to defeat Hitler before Japan Successful campaigns at Coral Sea and Midway Island Ramping up of war materials production By mid-1942 island hopping begins in the Pacific Problems in the European Theater German U-boats had a high kill ratio British Semi-isolation Soviet troops were in full retreat from the Germans German armored divisions positioned to attack on the oil fields of the Middle East The War takes a positive turn for the allies (November 1942) American / British forces on the offensive in the Pacific British forces push back Rommel from the Middle East The Germans were delayed at Stalingrad. Factors Contributing to Allied victory in WWII Cooperation Agreement to a common peace accord Lend / Lease Winning the battle of war production Hitler's mistakes The Russian Winter The survivors of Dunkirk Developments in Sonar Developments in Radar Measures to conduct the war on the Home Front Sale of War Bonds Deficit Spending Rationing Price Controls Wage and Salary Freezes Increased Taxation Profit controls on companies with Govt. contracts Progress toward Victory in WWII for the Allies Defeat of the Africa Corps. allows for a staging area to invade continental Europe Mussolini abdicates / Italy changes sides in the war Allies liberate Rome by June of 1944 Italy serves as a staging area for allied bombers to attack Germany Bombing cripples German production of war goods Operation Overlord, June 6th 1944 France is liberated late in 1944 The Battle of the Bulge, Winter 1944 FDR dies in office, April 1945 Germany Surrenders, May 1945 U.S. turns full attention to defeating Japan Island Hopping strategy used by the U.S. Atomic bombs dropped on Japan, August 1945 Japan Surrenders Unconditionally Yalta Conference Agreements for the post-war period Public Agreements Division of Germany Free elections in Europe World Organizational Forum (in S.F. CA) Secret Agreements USSR would enter the war against Japan in exchange for "b" and "c" U.S. would recognize the Mongolian Peoples Rep. The USSR would retain part of Sakhalin Island and retain rights in Korea and Manchuria.