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Transcript
Name ___________________________ Date ___________________ UNIT 5: THE COLD WAR IN THE 1960s AND 1970s I. The Cold War under Joseph Stalin (1945-1953) A. _____________________________________ led the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953 1. When the Cold War began, Stalin spread communism into the ______________________________ in Eastern Europe 2. Stalin escalated the Cold War by creating the __________________________________________ in 1948 3. Under Stalin, the USSR tested the ________________________ in 1949 & ___________________ in 1953 4. Stalin signed a “treaty of friendship” with ______________________________________ after the Chinese Revolution 5. Stalin sent _____________________ to communists in ________________________________ during the Korean War B. Joseph Stalin’s ________________ in 1953 changed the Soviet Union & how it approached the _____________________ against the United States II. The Cold War from 1953 to 1980 A. Nikita Khrushchev & De-Stalinization 1. New USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev began a series of reforms known as __________________, which included releasing political ______________________ & ____________________ censorship 2. Khrushchev seemed willing to ________________________________________________ to ease Cold War tensions… But, tensions between the USA & USSR _________________________________ throughout the 1950s & 1960s a. Under ______________________, the Soviet Union launched _______________________ & the space race began b. The creation of _____________ led to the stockpiling of ______________________ weapons during the arms race B. In 1961, ___________________________________ became U.S. president…Kennedy & Khrushchev faced two important crises that heightened Cold War tensions: Building of the Berlin Wall & the Cuban Missile Crisis 1. Berlin Wall, 1961 a. Khrushchev was upset with the increasing number of communist ____________________ who moved to democratic ___________________________________ b. In 1961, Khrushchev threatened to ____________________________ to West Berlin like Stalin’s blockade in 1948 c. President Kennedy promised to ______________________ West Berlin d. Rather than ______________________ the city, Communist leaders built the ______________ to keep East Germans out of West Berlin 2. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962 a. When __________________________ seized power in __________________ in 1959, the USA feared the spread of communism so close to America b. After a failed attempt to _________________ Castro, Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear _______________ to Cuba c. The U.S. successfully ______________________________ Cuba & Khrushchev removed the ________________ in exchange for the removal of American ICBMs in Europe d. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the USA & USSR came to _____________________ C. Vietnam War, 1965-1973 1. From 1965 to 1973, the USA became involved in the ___________________________________ a. When communist leader ____________________________________________ gained independence for Vietnam, the USA feared ______________________________ in SE Asia b. Vietnam was __________________________ into a communist North & a democratic South c. In South Vietnam, communists known as the ___________________ worked to _________ North & South Vietnam d. To _______________________ communism, the USA sent _________________ to Vietnam starting in 1965 i. The American military used ________________________________ raids, pesticides, & _____________________ missions to fight the communists ii. Despite these efforts, the U.S. was ________________________________________ the communist enemy 2. The Vietnam War was expensive, hurt the U.S. _________________, & became unpopular with __________________ protestors in the USA. 3. In 1973, the USA ______________________ from Vietnam & 2 years later communists _________________ Vietnam D. Détente in the 1970s 1. America’s ____________________________ in Vietnam led to a change in Cold War policies 2. The USA abandoned its containment policy & began looking for ways to _____________________________________ with Cold War enemies 3. In the 1970s, Richard Nixon’s policy of _____________ (easing Cold War tensions) replaced _____________________ a. Recognition of China i. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to ____________ & ________________ communist China ii. Nixon’s visit to China put ________________ on the ___________________________ to negotiate with the USA b. Détente with the Soviet Union i. In 1972, Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev to discuss _______________________ ii. The USA & USSR signed the _____________________________________________ Talks (SALT) which limited the number of _______________ each nation could have iii. By the 1970s, the USA & USSR seemed willing to peacefully ___________________ E. Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1989 1. But, détente ________________ in 1979 when the USSR invaded ___________________________ to put down an anti-communist uprising a. The U.S. viewed the attack as an attempt to spread _______________________ into South Asia & the Middle East b. The United States cut off all _______________ with the USSR & sent _________________ & __________________ aid to Afghan rebels 2. The USSR fought in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, but was ______________________________ the Afghan resistance a. The war exhausted Soviet _________________ & proved as ___________________________ as Vietnam was for the United States b. The war renewed _____________________________ between the USA & USSR F. Cold War in the 1980s 1. In the 1980s, new U.S. President ___________________________ helped win with Cold War against the Soviet Union 2. President Reagan’s strong ____________________________________________ policies & the collapse of communist economies brought the Cold War to an _____________ by 1991