Download Cold War in the 1960s and 1970s

Name ___________________________
Date ___________________
UNIT 5: THE COLD WAR IN THE 1960s AND 1970s
I. The Cold War under Joseph Stalin (1945-1953)
A. _____________________________________ led the Soviet Union from 1927 to 1953
1. When the Cold War began, Stalin spread communism into the ______________________________
in Eastern Europe
2. Stalin escalated the Cold War by creating the __________________________________________
in 1948
3. Under Stalin, the USSR tested the ________________________ in 1949 & ___________________
in 1953
4. Stalin signed a “treaty of friendship” with ______________________________________ after the
Chinese Revolution
5. Stalin sent _____________________ to communists in ________________________________
during the Korean War
B. Joseph Stalin’s ________________ in 1953 changed the Soviet Union & how it approached the
_____________________ against the United States
II. The Cold War from 1953 to 1980
A. Nikita Khrushchev & De-Stalinization
1. New USSR leader Nikita Khrushchev began a series of reforms known as __________________,
which included releasing political ______________________ & ____________________ censorship
2. Khrushchev seemed willing to ________________________________________________ to ease
Cold War tensions… But, tensions between the USA & USSR _________________________________
throughout the 1950s & 1960s
a. Under ______________________, the Soviet Union launched _______________________ &
the space race began
b. The creation of _____________ led to the stockpiling of ______________________ weapons
during the arms race
B. In 1961, ___________________________________ became U.S. president…Kennedy & Khrushchev
faced two important crises that heightened Cold War tensions: Building of the Berlin Wall & the Cuban
Missile Crisis
1. Berlin Wall, 1961
a. Khrushchev was upset with the increasing number of communist ____________________ who
moved to democratic ___________________________________
b. In 1961, Khrushchev threatened to ____________________________ to West Berlin like
Stalin’s blockade in 1948
c. President Kennedy promised to ______________________ West Berlin
d. Rather than ______________________ the city, Communist leaders built the ______________
to keep East Germans out of West Berlin
2. Cuban Missile Crisis, 1962
a. When __________________________ seized power in __________________ in 1959, the
USA feared the spread of communism so close to America
b. After a failed attempt to _________________ Castro, Khrushchev secretly sent nuclear
_______________ to Cuba
c. The U.S. successfully ______________________________ Cuba & Khrushchev removed the
________________ in exchange for the removal of American ICBMs in Europe
d. The Cuban Missile Crisis was the closest the USA & USSR came to _____________________
C. Vietnam War, 1965-1973
1. From 1965 to 1973, the USA became involved in the ___________________________________
a. When communist leader ____________________________________________ gained
independence for Vietnam, the USA feared ______________________________ in SE Asia
b. Vietnam was __________________________ into a communist North & a democratic South
c. In South Vietnam, communists known as the ___________________ worked to _________
North & South Vietnam
d. To _______________________ communism, the USA sent _________________ to Vietnam
starting in 1965
i. The American military used ________________________________ raids, pesticides, &
_____________________ missions to fight the communists
ii. Despite these efforts, the U.S. was ________________________________________
the communist enemy
2. The Vietnam War was expensive, hurt the U.S. _________________, & became unpopular with
__________________ protestors in the USA.
3. In 1973, the USA ______________________ from Vietnam & 2 years later communists
_________________ Vietnam
D. Détente in the 1970s
1. America’s ____________________________ in Vietnam led to a change in Cold War policies
2. The USA abandoned its containment policy & began looking for ways to
_____________________________________ with Cold War enemies
3. In the 1970s, Richard Nixon’s policy of _____________ (easing Cold War tensions) replaced
_____________________
a. Recognition of China
i. In 1972, Nixon became the first U.S. president to ____________ & ________________
communist China
ii. Nixon’s visit to China put ________________ on the ___________________________
to negotiate with the USA
b. Détente with the Soviet Union
i. In 1972, Nixon met with Soviet leader Brezhnev to discuss _______________________
ii. The USA & USSR signed the _____________________________________________
Talks (SALT) which limited the number of _______________ each nation could have
iii. By the 1970s, the USA & USSR seemed willing to peacefully ___________________
E. Invasion of Afghanistan, 1979-1989
1. But, détente ________________ in 1979 when the USSR invaded ___________________________
to put down an anti-communist uprising
a. The U.S. viewed the attack as an attempt to spread _______________________ into South
Asia & the Middle East
b. The United States cut off all _______________ with the USSR & sent _________________ &
__________________ aid to Afghan rebels
2. The USSR fought in Afghanistan from 1979 to 1989, but was ______________________________
the Afghan resistance
a. The war exhausted Soviet _________________ & proved as ___________________________
as Vietnam was for the United States
b. The war renewed _____________________________ between the USA & USSR
F. Cold War in the 1980s
1. In the 1980s, new U.S. President ___________________________ helped win with Cold War
against the Soviet Union
2. President Reagan’s strong ____________________________________________ policies & the
collapse of communist economies brought the Cold War to an _____________ by 1991