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Unit 6 – Civil War Study Guide
Part 1 – Vocabulary: Define the following terms –
1. Harper’s Ferry – John Brown’s Raid on the U.S. Armory
2. Fort Sumter – First Battle of the Civil War
3. Secession – Act of withdrawing from the Union (South – Created Confederate States of
America)
4. Bull Run – The Confederate forces (south) proved to the North that they were prepared
to fight in a war. After the First Battle at Bull Run, the North and the south both realized
that this was going to be a long, hard war.
5. Antietam – Bloodiest Day of the Civil War
6. Sherman’s March – A general’s plan to destroy everything in his path as he marched
through the South
7. Gettysburg – Considered to be the most important battle of the Civil War. This was a
turning point in the war, as the North won and gained momentum through the rest of
the war. President Lincoln gave the famous Gettysburg address after this battle.
8. Appomattox Court House – The location at which General Lee (Confederacy)
surrendered to General Grant and the Union Army and ended the Civil War
9. Abraham Lincoln – 16th President of the U.S.A. He issued the Emancipation Proclamation
and gave the Gettysburg Address.
10. Jefferson Davis – President of the C.S.A (Confederate States of America)
11. George McClellan – Union General
12. Ulysses S. Grant – Most famous Union General. 18th U.S. President
13. Robert E. Lee – Confederate (South) General
14. Sectionalism – Loyalty to one region of the country rather than the country as a whole
15. Total War – Using all resources and people to fight a war
16. Slave Codes – A group of laws that controlled every aspect of African Americans’ lives in
the South and denied them basic rights – such as education and the freedom to travel
17. Abolitionist – a person who wanted to end slavery
18. Cotton Gin – invention that increased cotton production/profits
19. Reconstruction – period of time after the Civil War intended to re-build the United
States
20. 13th Amendment – abolished slavery
21. 14th Amendment – granted citizenship to African Americans and all the rights that went
along with being an American citizen
22. 15th Amendment – granted African American men the right to vote
Part 2: Causes of the Civil War
What was the Compromise of 1850? –
*California entered the Union as a free state
To please the North: California admitted to the Union as a free State
Slave trade banned in Washington D.C. – although owners could still keep slaves
they already had
To please the South: Strengthened Fugitive Slave Law
Whenever a new state in the territory won in the Mexican Cession formed, people
In that territory were able to vote on whether they were to be admitted as a free or
slave state
Why did Northerners want to fight in this war? To end slavery, to keep the country united and
not have the South secede, civil rights for African Americans
Why did Southerners want to fight in this war? To keep slavery – slavery meant more work on
the plantations = $, the South did not want Lincoln to be elected as President
Part 3: Civil War and Reconstruction
What were the three different Reconstruction plans?
1. Lincoln’s Plan – Amnesty Act, 10% Bill , Freedman’s Bureau
2. Johnson’s Plan
3. Congressional Reconstruction
What was the Freedman’s Bureau?
Aid program set up to feed, clothe, provide shelter and find jobs for newly freed slaves
How were African Americans involved in the Civil War? Most African Americans that escaped to
the North joined the Union Army
What was the significance of the following Battles: refer back to vocabulary answers
Bull Run:
Antietam:
Gettysburg:
Appomattox Court House:
Fort Sumter:
What were the advantages and disadvantages for the North during the Civil War?
 A: North had a larger Population
 A:The North had the strong navy
 D:North had to re-conquer 11 states.
 D:North had a lot of land to cover
What were the advantages and disadvantages for the South during the Civil War?
 A: CSA – Home field advantage
 A: Coast was hard to blockade
 D: Smaller population
What was the purpose of the Emancipation Proclamation?
Abraham Lincoln wanted to make a statement to the South that he would have the slaves be
“forever free”. It helped to end slavery only in areas that were fighting the Union.
What was the Anaconda Plan (4 Parts)? What was the overall goal of this plan?
 Blockade the Southern Ports
 Capture the Mississippi River
 Split the Confederacy in two
 Take Control of the Capital
How did the Civil War improve technology of the age?
Ironclads – War ships covered with iron plates for protection
New weapons (rifles and canons) made this war more deadly than any other war previously.
You could also attack the enemy from long range