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Transcript
Comunicación y Gerencia Origins of Judaism Jewish People In History • Homeland – Area of Palestine called Canaan – In 1800 BC, Yahweh (God) told Abraham to go to Canaan, from Ur (in Sumeria) – B’rit: contract between Yahweh, Abraham as father of Jewish people • Yahweh promised to protect Jewish people • Jewish people promised to obey Yahweh Jewish People in History • Around 1650 BC, Jewish people moved from Canaan to Egypt • Exodus – Egypt first welcomed them (Joseph story), then later enslaved them – Hebrews fled Egypt between 1300 and 1200 BC, back to Canaan (Moses story) Exodus • New Covenant – Moses went to Mt. Sinai to pray; there, he encountered Yahweh – Moses brings the Ten Commandments • Basis for civil, religious laws of Judaism – New agreement between Yahweh, Jewish people • God protects them if they follow commandments – Hebrews wander for 40 years before reaching Canaan (central Palestine) Kingdom of Israel • Hebrews expanded North, South to get more natural resources • Philistines challenged Hebrews, but lost (David story) • Kingdom of Israel – Jerusalem was its capitol – Famous kings: David, Solomon • Kingdom of Judah (southern portion rebelled) Foreign Domination • By 738 BC, both kingdoms paying tribute to Assyria (bribes not to invade) • Assyrians lost to Babylonians, who destroyed Jerusalem, relocated Israelites (“Babylonian Captivity”) • 539 BC: Persians defeated Babylonians, allowed Hebrews back to Jerusalem to rebuild city Sources of Jewish Law, Belief • Torah (“written law”) – First five books of Bible – Tell the story of how Yahweh chose Jewish people to be examples of how to live, worship – Most broadly, Torah means the entire body of Jewish law: written, oral, Talmud, contemporary interp. Talmud • Law for the Jewish people • Originally, oral law passed down by rabbis to students • Talmud organized topically Ten Commandments • Religious, ethical principles of Jewish people • Moses brought them to the Jewish people Belief System • Monotheistic: belief in one God, Yahweh • One God who is all powerful, personal, eternal – All powerful: omnipotent, created the universe – Personal: people have a relationship with Yahweh, and visa versa – Eternal: non end, no beginning Belief System • Prayers are intended only for Yahweh • Importance of Prophets – Words of prophets are true – Literally means one who proclaims word of God (spokesman of Yahweh) – Important prophets: Abraham, Moses, Jesus – Belief in final prophet, the Messiah Reward and Punishment • Follow the Covenant and be rewarded with Yahweh’s protection • Intentionally disobey Covenant and face Yahweh’s wrath • Chosen people – Jewish people were chosen by Yahweh as examples to rest of world (worship) – Does not mean that they are the only ones to be saved