Download 1. The four management functions include all of the following

Chapter 1: What Is Organizational Behavior?
1. The four management functions include all of the following EXCEPT _____.
a. controlling
b. planning
c. staffing
d. organizing
2. _____ studies behavior as it relates to concerns such as absenteeism, turnover, productivity, and
performance.
a. Psychology
b. Kinetics
c. Organizational behavior
d. Ergonomics
3. According to the text, the best approach for obtaining knowledge about human behavior is_____.
a. using common sense
b. an observational approach
c. a theoretical approach
d. a systematic approach
4. What behavioral science discipline has made the MOST significant contributions to understanding
individual behavior?
a. Sociology
b. Social psychology
c. Psychology
d. Anthropology
5. _____ has helped us understand differences in fundamental values, attitudes, and behavior between
people in different countries.
a. Anthropology
b. Psychology
c. Social psychology
d. Political science
6. _____ means that organizations are becoming more heterogeneous in terms of gender, race, and
ethnicity.
a. Globalization
b. Workforce diversity
c. Affirmative action
d. Organizational culture
7. The ____ assumption is being replaced by one that recognizes and values diversity.
a. melting-pot
b. workplace diversity
c. amoeba
d. homogenization
8. Which of the following groups will NOT increase as a percentage of the workforce?
a. Hispanic men and women
b. black women
c. white males
d. Asian men and women
9. A(n) _____is a situation in which an employee must define right and wrong conduct.
a. problem
Chapter 1: What Is Organizational Behavior?
b. ethical dilemma
c. argument
d. principle
10. Individual level independent variables include _____.
a. technology
b. organizational culture
c. perception
d. human resource policy
11. Managers get things done through other people.
a. True
b. False
12. Robert Katz has identified three management skills: technical, human, and conceptual.
a. True
b. False
13. Organizational behavior is a field of study that investigates the impact that individuals, groups, and
structure have on behavior within organizations, for the purpose of applying such knowledge toward
improving an organization's effectiveness.
a. True
b. False
14. Behavior is generally predictable, and the systematic study of behavior is a means to making
reasonably accurate predictions.
a. True
b. False
15. Learning, perception, and personality have been OB topics whose contributions have generally come
from sociology.
a. True
b. False
16. Social psychology is an area within psychology, blending concepts from both psychology and
political science.
a. True
b. False
17. Workforce diversity means that organizations are becoming more homogeneous in terms of gender,
race, and ethnicity.
a. True
b. False
18. In tight labor markets, those managers who don't understand human behavior risk having no one to
manage.
a. True
b. False
19. Today's managers must learn to cope with ongoing stability.
a. True
b. False
20. There are three levels of analysis in OB, and as we move from the individual level to the group level,
to the organization systems level, we add systematically to our understanding of behavior in
organizations.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 2: Foundations of Individual Behavior
1. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of physical ability?
a. Stamina
b. Strength
c. Looks
d. Dexterity
2. The relationship between _____ and job performance is likely to be an issue of growing importance
during the next decade.
a. gender
b. marital status
c. age
d. tenure
3. According to your text, which is the most likely explanation for the higher absentee rate for women?
a. Women tend to have more illnesses that keep them from work than do men.
b. Traditionally, women have had the responsibility of caring for home and family.
c. Women tend to be less satisfied with their jobs than men and are consequently absent more
often.
d. Women generally have jobs for which a temporary replacement can be hired so absences are
more permissible.
4. _____ is the learning concept of reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the desired new
behavior.
a. Modeling
b. Shaping
c. Classical conditioning
d. Social learning
5. An example of _____ is when an employee receives a one-week suspension from work and is fined
$200 for stealing company property.
a. penalization
b. punishment
c. extinction
d. negative reinforcement
6. Eliminating any reinforcement that is maintaining an unwanted behavior is called _____.
a. extinction
b. punishment
c. negative reinforcement
d. positive reinforcement
7. All of the following are TRUE about both positive and negative reinforcement EXCEPT:
a. Both positive and negative reinforcement result in learning.
b. Both positive and negative reinforcement strengthen a response.
c. Both positive and negative reinforcement tend to weaken behavior and decrease it
subsequent frequency.
d. Both positive and negative reinforcement increase the probability of repetition.
8. A slot machine is an example of _____ reinforcement.
a. negative
b. intermittent
c. continuous
d. fixed-ratio
Chapter 2: Foundations of Individual Behavior
9. For a salesperson who is paid commission, reinforcement occurs on a _____ schedule.
a. variable-ratio
b. variable-interval
c. fixed-interval
d. fixed-ratio
10. The application of reinforcement concepts to individuals in the work setting is referred to as _____.
a. classical conditioning
b. self-management
c. reengineering
d. behavior modification
11. Ability is the assessment of an employee's motivation.
a. True
b. False
12. An individual's overall abilities are essentially made up of two sets of factors: intelligence and
physical abilities.
a. True
b. False
13. Personal characteristics that are objective and easily obtained from personnel records (such as age,
sex, and marital status) are termed biographical characteristics.
a. True
b. False
14. Working mothers are more likely to prefer part-time work, flexible schedules, and telecommuting.
a. True
b. False
15. Learning consists of any relatively temporary change in behavior that occurs as a result of
experience.
a. True
b. False
16. Your supervisor has explained that he will positively reward those who take extra effort to see that
their jobs are done well. You should suspect he has read the work of B.F. Skinner.
a. True
b. False
17. One method of shaping behavior is called positive reinforcement and refers to a response being
followed with something unpleasant.
a. True
b. False
18. Both punishment and extinction weaken behavior and tend to reduce its subsequent frequency.
a. True
b. False
19. OB Mod has been used by a number of organizations to improve employee productivity; to reduce
errors, absenteeism, tardiness, and accident rates; and to improve friendliness towards customers.
a. True
b. False
20. Punishing or disciplining employees is very effective in producing long-term change in behavior.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
1. The belief that "discrimination is wrong" is a value statement. Such an opinion is the _____
component of an attitude.
a. cognitive
b. affective
c. reactive
d. behavioral
2. Leon Festinger would propose that the desire to reduce dissonance would be determined by all of the
following EXCEPT _____.
a. the importance of the elements creating the dissonance.
b. the degree of influence the individual believes he or she has over the elements.
c. the rewards that may be involved in dissonance.
d. the extent to which attitudes are widely held by society.
3. If attitudes and behavior are inconsistent, individuals will most likely, _____.
a. change their behavior
b. change their attitudes
c. change either their attitudes or behavior
d. do nothing
4. According to _____ theory, attitudes are used after the fact to make sense out of an action that has
already occurred.
a. veterans
b. self-perception
c. Boomers
d. GenXers
5. Job _____ measures the degree to which a person identifies psychologically with his or her job and
considers his or her perceived performance level important to self-worth.
a. commitment
b. satisfaction
c. involvement
d. organization
6. _____ commitment refers to an employee's obligation to remain with an organization for moral or
ethical reasons.
a. Affective
b. Continuance
c. Theoretical
d. Normative
7. _____ refers to an individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work she
does.
a. Employee engagement
b. Normative commitment
c. Cognitive support
d. Job enrichment
8. In an attempt to increase employee satisfaction, customer service employees at a large employer are
being trained to perform other functions. In the future, employees will alternate between two or three
job functions on a monthly basis. This is an example of job _____.
a. enhancement
b. enlargement
c. rotation
Chapter 3: Attitudes and Job Satisfaction
d. enrichment
9. Quietly continuing to do your work, even though you're dissatisfied, is an example of _____
response to dissatisfaction.
a. exit
b. voice
c. loyalty
d. neglect
10. Steve is unhappy with his job. He takes every possible vacation and sick day and sometimes shows
up for work late. He is expressing his dissatisfaction with a _____ response.
a. exit
b. voice
c. loyalty
d. neglect
11. Attitudes have three components: cognition, affect, and behavior.
a. True
b. False
12. Research has concluded that people seek consistency among their attitudes and between their
attitudes and behavior.
a. True
b. False
13. The theory of cognitive dissonance seeks to explain the linkage between values and attitudes.
a. True
b. False
14. Job involvement refers to an individual's general attitude toward his or her job.
a. True
b. False
15. The majority of large U.S. employers sponsor some sort of diversity training.
a. True
b. False
16. Over the past 30 years, surveys have shown that approximately 25 percent of all employees in the
U.S. are satisfied with their jobs.
a. True
b. False
17. At the individual level, satisfaction generally leads to productivity.
a. True
b. False
18. Satisfaction is positively related to turnover.
a. True
b. False
19. Neglect is an active and destructive response to dissatisfaction in which an employee waits for
conditions to improve.
a. True
b. False
20. Managers should place a greater emphasis in factors intrinsic to the job, such as making the work
challenging and interesting, rather than focusing on salary increases to increase job satisfaction.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 4: Personality and Values
1. According to the Myers-Briggs type Indicator, people who are classified as _____ are
conceptualizers.
a. INTJs
b. ESTJs
c. ENTPs
d. MBTIs
2. In the book Profiles of Genius, thirteen key executives were interviewed and tested and all were
found to be _____ types. This result is particularly interesting because this type represents only about
five percent of the population.
a. intuitive thinking
b. sensing feeling
c. sensing thinking
d. intuitive feeling
3. Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to an individual's propensity to defer to others?
a. Extroversion
b. Openness to experience
c. Emotional stability
d. Agreeableness
4. Individuals with a(n) _____ believe that what happens to them is due to luck or chance.
a. core locus of control
b. personal locus of control
c. internal locus of control
d. external locus of control
5. Individuals who are high in the _____ dimension of personality manipulate more, win more, are
persuaded less, and persuade others more.
a. Rokeach
b. Aesthetic
c. Machiavellianism
d. Narcissism
6. According to Rokeach, _____ values refer to desirable end-states of existence.
a. instrumental
b. aesthetic
c. terminal
d. theoretical
7. The most recent entrants to the workforce are _____.
a. Veterans
b. Nexters
c. Boomers
d. Xers
8. Which of the following is NOT one of Hofstede's five dimensions of national culture?
a. power distance
b. language proficiency
c. quantity of life versus quality of life
d. long-term orientation
9. _____ is the degree to which people in a country prefer structured over unstructured situations.
a. Power distance
b. Individualism
Chapter 4: Personality and Values
c. Uncertainty avoidance
d. Long-term orientation
10. John Holland argues that job satisfaction is highest and turnover lowest where _____.
a. personality and occupation are in agreement
b. an individual is highly motivated
c. salary is high
d. employees have an education
11. If personality characteristics were completely dictated by heredity, they would be fixed at birth and
no amount of experience could alter them.
a. True
b. False
12. A substantial body of research supports the MBTI as a valid measure of personality.
a. True
b. False
13. Extroverts tend to be reserved, timid, and quiet.
a. True
b. False
14. One concern with self-report surveys is that the individual might lie or practice impression
management.
a. True
b. False
15. Individuals with an internal locus of control believe that they are masters of their own fate.
a. True
b. False
16. Terminal values are preferable modes of behavior, or means of achieving one's instrumental values.
a. True
b. False
17. The lives of Xers have been shaped by globalization, MTV, AIDS, and computers.
a. True
b. False
18. The loyalty of Boomers is to their careers.
a. True
b. False
19. Organizations in a society low in uncertainty avoidance are likely to have more formal rules.
a. True
b. False
20. Individuals with Holland's investigative personality are well suited for careers as small business
managers.
a. True
b. False
Chapter 8: Emotions and Moods
1. _____ is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience.
a. Mood
b. Affect
c. Emotion
d. Personality
2. Six universal _____ are anger, fear, sadness, happiness, disgust, and surprise.
a. cognitions
b. lobes
c. emotions
d. moods
3. _____ is a field of study that examines the extent to which emotions, whether positive or negative,
serve a purpose.
a. Evolutionary psychology
b. Emotional anthropology
c. Emotional intelligence
d. None of the above
4. _____ is a mood dimension consisting of nervousness, stress, and anxiety at the high end, and
relaxation, tranquility, and poise on the low end.
a. Positive affect
b. Negative affect
c. Positivity
d. Illusory correlation
5. _____ occurs when people associate two events, when there is no real connection.
a. Accelerated formation
b. Groupthink
c. Illusory correlation
d. Groupshift
6. _____ refers to an employee's expression of organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal
transactions at work.
a. Surface acting
b. Deep acting
c. Emotional labor
d. Mission
7. Jane is concerned that her company is selling products of very poor quality. However, when meeting
with customers, Jane feels obligated to be positive and express confidence about the quality of the
product. Jane is likely experiencing _____.
a. displayed emotions
b. emotional dissonance
c. deep acting
d. self-awareness
8. People who exhibit _____ know their own emotions and are good at reading others' emotions may be
more effective in their jobs.
a. emotional labor
b. emotional dissonance
c. emotional intelligence
d. cognitive dissonance
9. _____, one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is awareness of one's feelings.
a. Self-management
b. Self-awareness
c. Social skill
Chapter 8: Emotions and Moods
d. Empathy
10. _____, one of the dimensions of emotional intelligence, is the ability to handle the emotions of
others.
a. Self-management
b. Self-awareness
c. Social skill
d. Empathy
11. Scientific management encouraged managers to understand the emotional states of their employees.
a. True
b. False
12. Mood is a general term that encompasses both emotions and affect.
a. True
b. False
13. People tend to be the happiest when their limbic system is relatively inactive.
a. True
b. False
14. People vary in the inherent ability to express emotional intensity.
a. True
b. False
15. Emotions are essential to rational thinking.
a. True
b. False
16. Positive events are more likely to affect the positive mood and positive emotions of introverts.
a. True
b. False
17. Negative emotions appear to occur less often as people get older.
a. True
b. False
18. Women show greater emotional expression than men; they experience emotions more intensely; and
they display more frequent expressions of both positive and negative emotions, except anger.
a. True
b. False
19. While different cultures may value different emotions, there are near universal norms for the
expression of emotions.
a. True
b. False
20. Emotional intelligence theory is biologically based.
a. True
b. False