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Name ____________________________________ Date ________________________________Per. ___ Jewish Beliefs and Observances Introduction There are approximately 14 million Jewish people in the world. 5.5 million live in Israel, some 6 million in the US and about half a million each in the UK, France, South America and Russia. The Jews are not a 'race', as they comprise people of all skin colors and racial types. Jews resolve the question of definition by describing themselves as a 'people', with an identity which incorporates elements including religion, culture, language and historical memory. It follows that Judaism is more than a faith or a belief system. It might best be described as a religious culture, originating in the historical narrative of the Jewish people. In this sense Jews see themselves as a family, tracing their origins to the Biblical Patriarchs, generally dated as about 1900 BCE (Before the Common Era). Two thousand years later, in the year 70 CE, the Jewish Temple in Jerusalem was destroyed by the Romans, and this is the traditional date for the beginning of the present Jewish Dispersion. As they moved throughout the world, the Jewish people brought with them particular spiritual and ethical values, a body of inspired literature and a sense of continuing history - the religion known as Judaism. Jews believe in a single God who is without shape or form, who is both the creator and ruler of the universe, and who prescribes a moral law for humanity. The Jewish concept of 'ethical monotheism' has passed to Christianity and Islam with some variations. Unlike Christianity or Islam, Judaism has no dogma, and metaphysical beliefs are not prescribed. The idea of a single deity as the creator of the universe with incorporeal, omnipotent and eternal attributes is simply taken as given, and is proclaimed in Jewish literature and prayer. Physical representations of the divine are forbidden. Name ____________________________________ Date ________________________________Per. ___ View of God: Named Yahweh, observant Jews do not refer to Yahweh in name, but substitute Lord. Book: TORAH- Belief that the Torah was given to Moses by God and contained the Ten Commandments and other religious laws. Place of Worship: Synagogue Sabbath: Saturday, a day of rest and worship Messiah: Jews believe in a Messiah, but he is not divine. They do not believe Jesus is the Messiah Afterlife: Not much info in Torah or the Talmud about afterlife. There is more of a focus on everyday life. Jews believe living life right will bring reward. Religious Holidays: Passover: Celebrates the Exodus; Spring Hanukah: commemorates a post-biblical event: the victory of the Maccabees over the Syrian-Greek rulers of Jerusalem and the subsequent rededication of the Temple in 164 BCE. Yom Kippur: day of atonement; holiest of days Rosh Hashana: Jewish New Year Sects: Orthodox Jews, Reform Jews, Hassidic Jews Name ____________________________________ Date ________________________________Per. ___ Other Traditions: Bar and Bat Mitzvah: Child becoming an adult at 13 and 12. Child of the Commandments; now must observe commandments Yarmulke: skull cap worn by Orthodox and Conservative Jews at worship and home; all times Interfaith Marriage: disfavored Kosher: Ritual-safe foods blessed by God (see table) Kosher (permitted) Trayf (forbidden) Ritually slaughtered beef, sheep, goats and deer with no flaws or diseases Pork, camel, rabbit, rodents, reptiles, and any animal that died of natural causes Chicken, turkey, quail, geese Eagle, hawk, vulture Salmon, tuna, carp, herring, cod Crab, lobster, octopus, clam, swordfish, sturgeon Meat eaten separately from dairy Meat with dairy (e.g., cheeseburger, burger with milkshake, chicken cordon bleu, wiener schnitzel, etc.) Wine or grape juice made under Jewish supervision Any other wine and grape juice Soft cheese and kosher hard cheese Most hard cheese Diaspora: The spreading out of Jews from homeland due to Roman Empire persecution and travel throughout Roman Empire; Islamic empire also lead to Diaspora; throughout Europe, Africa, Asia, And America Name ____________________________________ Date ________________________________Per. ___ An Overview of Judaism Directions: Use the Jewish Beliefs and Observances H/O to answer the following questions. 1. How many Jewish people currently live in the world? How many Jewish people currently live in the United States? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 2. The reading explains that the Jews are not a ‘race.’ According to the reading, what would be a better way to describe the Jewish people? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 3. According to the reading, what do Jews believe? _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 4. What is the Jewish word for god? ______________________________________________________ 5. What is the holy text of the Jewish people? ______________________________________________ 6. True or False: The Jewish place of worship is the mosque. 7. True or False: Jews believe that Jesus is the Messiah, or son of God. 8. True or False: There is not much information on the afterlife in Jewish religious texts. 9. True or False: The Yarmulke, or skull cap, is worn by all male followers of the Jewish faith. 10. True or False: Interfaith marriages are discouraged in the Jewish faith. 11. _______________________________ foods are permitted to be eaten by Jewish people but _______________________________ foods are not. (HINT: I’m not looking for examples of food that are permitted or forbidden) 12. Identify at least three foods that Jews are permitted to eat: _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________ 13. Identify at least three foods that Jews are not permitted to eat: _________________________________________________________________________________ _________________________________________________________________________________