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Buddhism World History/Napp “The founder of Buddhism, Siddhartha Gautama, was born into a noble family that lived in Kapilavastu, in the foothills of the Himalayas in Nepal. According to Buddhist legend, the baby exhibited the marks of a great man. A prophecy indicated that if the child stayed at home he was destined to become a world ruler. If the child left home, however, he would become a universal spiritual leader. To make sure the boy would be a great king; his father isolated him in his palace. Separated from the world, Siddhartha married and had a son. Siddhartha never ceased thinking about the world that lay outside, which he had never seen. When he was 29, he ventured outside the palace four times. First he saw an old man, next a sick man, then a corpse, and finally a wandering holy man who seemed at peace with himself. Siddhartha understood these events to mean that every living thing experiences old age, sickness, and death and that only a religious life offers a refuge from this inevitable suffering. Siddhartha decided to spend his life searching for religious truth and an end to life’s suffering. So, soon after learning of his son’s birth, he left the palace. Siddhartha wandered through the forests of India for six years seeking enlightenment, or wisdom. He tried many ways of reaching an enlightened state. He first debated with other religious seekers. Then he fasted, eating only six grains of rice a day. Yet none of these methods brought him to the truth, and he continued to suffer. Finally, he sat in meditation under a large fig tree. After 49 days of meditation, he achieved an understanding of the cause of suffering in this world. From then on, he was known as the Buddha, meaning “the enlightened one.” The Buddha preached his first sermon to five companions who had accompanied him on his wanderings. In it, he laid out the four main ideas that he had come to understand in his enlightenment. He called those ideas the Four Noble Truths.” ~ World History 1- Who was the founder of Buddhism and into what kind of family was he born? 2- Why did Siddhartha’s father isolate him in the palace? 3- What did Siddhartha see when he ventured outside the palace? 4- According to Siddhartha, why was religious life important? 5- Describe the various ways Siddhartha tried to reach an enlightened state. 6- What understanding did Siddhartha achieve after 49 days of meditation? 7- Define the following terms: Buddha and the Four Noble Truths. The Eightfold Path - The Eightfold Path was a guide to behavior - Right View - Right Resolve - Right Speech, - Right Conduct - Right Livelihood - Right Effort - Right Mindfulness - Right Concentration Comparison - As in Hinduism, the Buddha accepted the idea of reincarnation - However, the Buddha rejected the many gods of Hinduism - He taught a way of enlightenment By following the Eightfold Path, anyone could reach nirvana, the Buddha’s word for release from selfishness and pain - The Buddha reacted against the privileges of the Brahmin priests, and rejected the caste system - Nirvana is the end of suffering, the end of reincarnation - The final goals of both religions – moksha for Hindus and nirvana for Buddhists – are similar; both involve perfect understanding and a break from reincarnation - Buddhists are encouraged to follow the “Middle Path” – to avoid extremes Society - The five disciples who heard the Buddha’s first sermon were the first monks admitted to the sangha, or Buddhist religious order - At first, the sangha was a community of Buddhist monks and nuns; however, sangha eventually referred to the entire religious community - The religious community, together with the Buddha and the dharma (Buddhist teachings), make up the “Three Jewels” of Buddhism - The Buddha reluctantly admitted women to religious orders India - During the centuries following the Buddha’s death, missionaries were able to spread his faith over large parts of Asia - Buddhist missionaries went to Sri Lanka and Southeast Asia in the third century B.C. - Buddhist ideas also traveled along Central Asian trade routes to China - However, Buddhism never gained a significant foothold in India, the country of its origin 1- Identify the Four Noble Truths of Buddhism. 2- What is the Eightfold Path and what are eight actions encouraged? 3- What is the “Middle Path”? 4- Define nirvana. 5- What is a belief shared by Hindus and Buddhists? 6- What is a Hindu idea rejected by Buddhists? 7- How are nirvana and moksha similar? 8- Define sangha. 9- What are Buddhists referring to when they speak of dharma? 10- How did Buddhism spread? “As important as missionaries were to the spread of Buddhism, traders played an even more crucial role in this process. Along with their products, traders carried Buddhism beyond India to Sri Lanka. Buddhist religion was also brought southeast along trade routes to Burma, Thailand, and the island of Sumatra. Likewise, Buddhism followed the Central Asian trade routes, called the Silk Roads, all the way to China. From China, Buddhism spread to Korea – and from Korea to Japan. The movement of trade thus succeeded in making Buddhism the most widespread religion of East Asia. Throughout human history, trade has been a powerful force for the spread of ideas.” ~ World History Why were traders as important as missionaries to the spread of Buddhism? What were the Silk Roads? What succeeded in making Buddhism the most widespread religion of East Asia? The Buddhist religion teaches that salvation is earned by (1) following the Ten Commandments (2) worshiping Allah as the one true god (3) learning to give up selfish desire (4) being baptized and confirmed All of the following are steps or actions on the Noble Eightfold Path EXCEPT (1) Right Mindfulness (2) Right Effort (3) Right View (4) Right Movement The Eightfold Path, the Four Noble Truths, and the concept of nirvana are associated with the religion of (1) Islam (2) Jainism (3) Shinto (4) Buddhism Buddhism originated in (1) Japan (2) China (3) India (4) Korea Which values are most closely associated with the fundamental principles of Buddhism? (1) competition and financial success (2) maintaining the caste system and providing education for all people (3) practicing nonviolence and giving up worldly desires (4) self-determination and democracy The Buddha's first disciples were (1) His wife and child. (2) His five former ascetic companions. (3) The great King Ashoka. (4) Members of the warrior-noble caste. The founder of Buddhism circa 500 B.C. was (1) Guru Nanak (2) Confucius (3) Siddhartha Gautama (4) Abraham The primary goal of Buddhism is (1) Samsara (2) Moksha (3) Heaven (4) Nirvana Unlike Hinduism, Buddhists reject (1) Karma (2) Reincarnation (3) Nirvana (4) Caste All of the following are “truths” of the Four Noble Truths EXCEPT (1) Life has suffering (2) Selfish desire causes suffering (3) Suffering can never end (4) Follow the Noble Eightfold Path Siddhartha’s father prevented him from leaving the palace because he feared (1) That Siddhartha would become a fearsome warrior (2) That Siddhartha would lead a life of pleasure (3) That Siddhartha would give up his princely title and become a religious man (4) That Siddhartha would want a more magnificent palace All of the following are the “Three Jewels of Buddhism” EXCEPT (1) The Sangha (2) The Dharma (3) The Buddha (4) The Land that is India