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Introduction to Physics (in a nutshell) Based on the Physics Worktext Foreign Scientists o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o Filipino Scientists o o o o o o o o Arturo Alcatraz – discovered geothermal energy in the Philippines Alfredo Moreno Anos Sr. – electronic mosquito repellent, electronic door opener, burglar alarm, solar pump, solar desalination device, solar energy converting device, improved portable thresher, anti-air pollution device for motor vehicles, earth boring devices, and remote control devices Simplicio Z. Capule – super baby oven Agapito Flores – fluorescent lamp Librado D. Ibe – nuclear physicist Edgardo C. San Juan – invented the Lunar Rover Rene Tenazas – created a computer software called 4th Generation User Systems Architecture (4GSA) Gregorio Y. Zara – TV Telephone, alcohol-fueled airplane, solar oven Branches of Physics o o o o o o Albert Einstein – theory of relativity (energy is = to mass multiplied by the speed of light squared) Galileo Galilei – studied the behavior of falling bodies and experimented with pendulums Isaac Newton – formulated the laws of motion, gravity, discovered the nature and composition of light Aristotle – believed that all things are made of four elements: earth, air, fire, and water Johannes Kepler – discovered that planets follow an elliptical orbit which can be calculated for use in flight paths and spacecraft today Count Rumford - investigated heat energy James P. Joule – investigated heat energy James Maxwell – electromagnetism, general equations on the electromagnetic field, contributed to the . . kinetic theory of gases Benjamin Franklin – studied electricity, did a kite experiment to study lightning, invented the lightning rod Michael Faraday – studied electricity, magnets can be used to create a current, electric generator Thomas Young – studied light, demonstrated the interference of light, wave theory of light Agustin Fresnel – studied light W. Roentgen – X-rays Henri Berequel – radioactivity Max Planck – quantum theory (quantum mechanics) Mechanics – study of motion Heat – study of temperature and its effects on matter Wave Motion – study of transfer of energy by means of a periodic disturbance through a medium Optics – study of the nature of light Electricity and Magnetism – electric and magnetic fields and their interaction Nuclear Physics – study of radioactivity and the interconvertability of matter and energy Measurement – process of finding out how many times a chosen quantity is contained in a given standard unit quantity o Fundamental Quantities – quantities that can be measured directly using an apparatus Length (l) meter Mass (m) gram Time (t) seconds Temperature (T) kelvin Amount of substance (n) mole Electric current (Ø) ampere Luminous intensity (I) candle, candela o Derived Quantities – quantities that can be measured by using the fundamental quantities Area (A) A= Volume (V) V= Speed (v) v=l/t Acceleration (a) a= Density (ρ) ρ =m/v Force (F) F=ma Pressure (p) p=F/A Work (w) w=Fl Power (P) P=w/t