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Chapter 2 Atoms, Ions, and the Periodic Table
Learning Objectives
Introduction
 Describe ancient ideas about atoms that led to the modern model of the atom.
 Distinguish between the primary elements in the human body and the essential minerals.
2.1
Dalton’s Atomic Theory
 Discuss the evidence that suggests that matter is composed of atoms.
 Understand the significance of the Law of Conservation of Mass and the Law of Definite Proportions.
 Summarize Dalton’s atomic theory.
2.2
Structure of the Atom
 Use the structure of atoms to describe how the composition of atoms can differ.
 Understand the experiments used to determine the structure of the atom.
 Compare the properties of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
 Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for any atom.
 Explain the difference between isotopes of a given element.
 Determine the atomic number, mass number, and neutron number for any atom and use this
information to write its isotope symbol.
 Describe how isotopes are useful in our lives.
2.3
Ions
 Describe how ions differ from atoms of the same element.
 Distinguish cations from anions.
 Determine the number of protons, electrons, and neutrons for any ion.
 Write isotope symbols for ions.
2.4
Atomic Mass
 Compare different methods for describing the mass of atoms of an element.
 Describe the atomic mass scale. Understand how relative atomic masses are determined from masses
of isotopes and relative abundance.
 Determine the isotopic composition of an element from its relative atomic mass and the atomic
masses of the isotopes.
 Calculate relative atomic mass of an element from its isotopic composition and the atomic masses of
the isotopes.
2.5
The Periodic Table
 Relate the arrangement of the periodic table to the structure and behavior of atoms.
 Describe the important features of the periodic table.
 Label the different classes of elements in the periodic table.
 Understand how to use the periodic table to explain some properties of elements.
 Distinguish among metals, nonmetals, and metalloids.
 Predict the charges of simple ions.