Download Biodiversity Unit Review

Biodiversity Unit Review
The unit final exam will consist of 29 multiple-choice questions and 5 numerical
response questions. Good Luck.
Section 1: Biological diversity is reflected in the variety of life on Earth.
1. What is the difference between biological diversity and variation?
2. Biological diversity is
a. distinctive characteristics of individuals within a species
b. the number and variety of organisms
c. distinctive characteristics of individuals between species
d. common between most species
3. Areas with greater biological diversity
a. are more tolerant of changes in the environment
b. are less tolerant of changes within the environment
c. have a relatively low diversity index
d. none of the above
4. The quality of an ecosystem is determined by the interactions between the
living or __________________ parts of the environment and the non-living or
______________ parts.
5. List three abiotic factors that have helped to determine the types of organisms
you might find in any ecosystem.
6. You are given two dogs. One has short black fur and weighs 46 kg. The other
has fluffy white fur and weighs 2.6 kg. By looking at the two dogs you could
conclude that
a. they are members of the same species
b. they are members of different species
c. they share a common ancestor
d. none of the above
7. A large number of species in an ecosystem
a. prevents the population of any one type of organism from becoming too great
b. indicates a high tolerance to environmental changes
c. indicates that the ecosystem is healthy and relatively pollution free
d. all of the above
Indicate which of the following statements represents a structural adaptation, (A)
and which indicates a behavioral adaptation, (B).
8. A dog barks at an unfamiliar noise in the night _____
9. A Venus flytrap plant catches flies _____
10. A porcupine uses its quills to ward off predators _____
11. An owl can completely turn its head _____
12. Geese fly bin a ‘V’ shaped pattern _____
13. Arctic rabbits change the color of their fur with the seasons _____
14a. What is a species?
b. Why can’t different species interbreed and produce viable offspring?
15. What is a population? How is a population different from a community?
16. A large forested island is home to a species of slow moving salamanders that feed
on insects that in the moss covered forest floor. An earthquake causes a crevasse
to split the island and separate a group of salamanders from the rest of the
species. The new island contains very few trees and very little moss.
Identify three problems the separated salamanders may face and describe an
adaptation that may help them to survive in their new environment.
a.
b.
c.
17. A shipment of produce from Mexico carried a population of beetle grubs into
Southern Alberta, should local farmers be concerned about the introduction of
this new pest?
18. List the seven levels of the hierarchical classification system designed by
Linnaeus.
19. What two characteristics change as we move from the top to the bottom of the
system described above?
20. Each living organism has a two name scientific name based on the ___________
language and which represents both the ____________ level and the _________
level.
21. When different species interact in an ecosystem various interdependencies can
arise. The term that is used to describe this is ______________________.
The three types of symbiotic relationships that can occur are;
22. How is
a. commensalism different from mutualism?
b. mutualism different parasitism?
c. parasitism different from commensalisms?
23. Where an organism lives and what it does would describe the organisms
_________.
24. The three basic niches that an organism may fit into are;
25. In order to avoid direct competition for the same food source different
species have evolved various adaptations to help them survive. Discuss three
possible adaptations that could arise.
26. An example of mutualism is
a. a tapeworm living in the stomach of a person
b. honeybees pollinating flowers
c. a remora fish feeding off the scraps of food left by a shark
d. fleas feeding on a dog
27. In competition for food, the less successful species may be required to
a. move to another habitat
b. alter its behavior
c. find another food source
d. all of the above
Match the description to the following terms
a. Broad niche
b. Generalists
c. Specialists
d. Narrow niche
28. Organisms adapted to living in a specific environment _____
29. Organisms that can survive in varying conditions on varying food sources _____
30. The characteristics and roles exhibited by generalists _____
31. A highly specialized role or activity in an ecosystem _____
Match the example to one of the following. Some answers may be used more than
once.
a. Competition
b. Mutualism
c. Specialization
d. No match
32. A ladybug feeds on aphids and other insects and the insects feed on
plants _____
33. Micro-organisms that live in your gut help you to digest food _____
34. Chipmunks and mice gather seeds in the fall _____
35. An Inuit community in the far north hunts mammals and gathers plants _____
36. The marbled murrelet bird nests in deep moss on the branches of evergreen
trees over two hundred years old _____.
37. An area of grasslands is destroyed by fire. Which organisms will be least affected
by the fire., generalists or specialists? How will this affect the populations of
other organisms in this ecosystem over the long term? Explain your answer.
Section 2: As species reproduce, characteristics are passed from parents to
Offspring.
1. There are three main differences between asexual and sexual reproduction,
what are they?
a.
b.
c.
2. Identify four types of asexual reproduction
a.
b.
c.
d.
3. Characteristics that are passed from one generation to another are said to
be ____________________ and may be controlled by ____________ or
through the interaction of genetics and _________________ influences.
4. Heritable characteristics may be of two types depending on the number of
possible outcomes that may be inherited. Those that how a limited number
of possibilities are said to be ________________ while those that show
a wider range are said to show ________________ variation.
5. Characteristics that are not heritable are those that are controlled entirely
by the ___________________ such as scars, hair length and clothing
styles.
6. Which of the following best describes binary fission?
a. a form of asexual reproduction in which spores are created
b. the transfer of genetic material directly from one cell to another
c. the fusing together of two cells to form one
d. a form f asexual reproduction through cell division
7. Sexual reproduction
a. is only found in animals
b. creates variation among individuals
c. produces genetically identical individuals
d. enables organisms to produce many offspring in a short amount of time
8. What do the ovaries in a flower contain?
a. eggs
b. sperm
c. pollen
d. stamens
9. A spider plant sends out runners that offspring of the parent plant. This
is an example of
a. sexual reproduction
b. species variation
c. asexual reproduction
d. conjugation
10. Which organisms produce asexually through the process of binary fission?
a. yeast cells
b. fungi
c. bacteria
d. mosses
Match the definition to one of the following terms.
a. Binary fission
b. Gamete
c. Zygote
d. Budding
e. Gymnosperm
f. Spore
11. In sexual reproduction the fertilized cell that develops into a new
individual _____
12. A cell divides its contents between two new cells _____
13. A seed bearing plant without flowers _____
14. Special reproductive cells that combine at fertilization _____
15. A single celled reproductive structure _____
16. If a plant is colonizing a new habitat discuss one advantage and one
disadvantage to vegetative reproduction.
17. Weight is an example of a characteristic that is
a. determined by genetics only
b. determined by an interaction of genetics and the environment
c. inherited from the mother and the father
d. determined by the environment and individual choices
18. Which of the following are examples of traits that show discrete variation?
I. Height
II. Blood groups
III. Hair color
IV. Polydactyly
a. I and III
b. I, III, and IV
c. I, II and III
d. I and IV
19. A trait that may be hidden by another trait is said to be
a. mutated
b. recessive
c. dominant
d. inherited
20. The population of a small island nation is made up entirely of people
with blue eyes, (bb). In this population
a. blue eyes are probably dominant over brown eyes
b. many people may carry a gene for brown eyes but it is not shown
c. nobody carries a gene for brown eyes
d. the environment interacts with genetic information to turn eyes blue
You are a genetic counselor working with two different couples.
Dan and Jan are couple A; Juan and Rhea are couple B. Their traits are summarized below.
Name
Hair color
Eye color
Tongue roller
Dan
brown
Blue
No
Juan
Black
Brown
No
Jan
Blond
Blue
Yes
Rhea
Red
Blue
yes
21. A few months after you finish your sessions, one of the couples brings
in their new baby girl. She has brown eyes and can roll her tongue.
Whose baby is she? How do you know?
22. Jan always wanted to have a baby with blond hair, is it possible?
Explain your answer
23. Fill in the following data table.
Mitosis
Meiosis
# of daughter cells
# of cell divisions
# of DNA replications
Amount of DNA in
daughter cells vs. parent
cells
Type of reproduction
Creates variation, (Y/N)
24. The products of meiosis are referred to as ________________. The union
of gametes produces a _______________, which undergoes multiple cell
divisions to produce an embryo.
25. How is external fertilization different from internal fertilization regarding
a. numbers of gametes produced
b. the type of environment in which the organism lives
c. efficiency of the process
d. ability of the process to maintain species
Section 3: DNA is the inherited material responsible for variation
1. The DNA molecule is shaped like a ‘double helix’ basically a twisted ladder.
The sides of the ladder are made up of alternating units of ____________ and
_______________________ while the rungs, middle pieces of the ladder are
made up of _______________ base pairs. The four base molecules that form these
rungs are; _________________, ____________________, _____________
and ___________________. Adenine always pairs with ______________ and
guanine always pairs with ______________________. All DNA regardless of
the organism it comes from is arranged in the same way. DNA can be found in the
__________________ of the cell. The sugar, phosphate and nitrogen base
together make up a nucleotide.
2. An uninterrupted segment of DNA that codes for specific proteins is
called a _____________. Most genes exist in two forms or ___________.
When two forms of a gene exist in an individual we say that they are
____________________. In these individuals the one form of the gene is
masked by the other. Individuals that only have one form of a gene that is they
inherit the same form from both their mother and father are referred to as
_________________. In homozygotes either the dominant or the recessive form
of the trait is shown. In heterozygotes only the ______________ form of the
trait is ever shown.
Section 4: Human activity affects biological diversity
1. Describe the difference between natural selection and artificial selection.
2. What is selective breeding and how could it lead to a loss in the biodiversity
of an area or the variation within a species?
3. What is the difference between extinction and extirpation? Which term would
correctly describe the grizzly bear in Southern Alberta?
4. The outcome of natural selection is that
a. undesirable organisms become less fit and die
b. species adapt to their environments
c. the population of a species increases steadily over time
d. the same characteristics are passed on from generation to generation
5. Which of the following questions can be correctly answered by this statement
‘ The intentional alteration of the characteristics of a species by
allowing only those individuals with desirable traits to reproduce.’
a. What is natural selection?
b. What was Charles Darwin’s theory based on?
c. What is the role of evolution?
d. What is artificial selection?
6. Which of the following is a risk that comes with many generations of
selective breeding?
a. The genetic diversity of the population is diminished, so the population is
more at risk to environmental change
b. Some undesirable characteristics of the population may increase in frequency
along with desirable characteristics
c. Some offspring may not survive after selection
d. Both A and B
7. The development of many breeds of domestic dogs from one ancestral dog
species is an example of
a. natural selection
b. artificial selection
c. genetic variation within a species
d. genetic diversity within a species
8. The ancestor of the giraffe competed with other animals for food. Over time
giraffes became adapted to feeding on leaves high above the ground. Which of the
following explains how giraffes came to have long necks?
a. Each generation of giraffes had to stretch their necks up to reach the leaves
high above the ground. Each generation of offspring therefore had longer necks
than the previous generation.
b. As the supply of leaves got further from the ground, shorter necked giraffes
became longer necked giraffes and passed this characteristic on their offspring.
c. As the giraffe population had to feed on the leaves higher above the ground,
each generation of giraffes tended to produce more longer necked offspring
that were better adapted to the new environment.
d. As the giraffe population started to feed on the higher leaves, the offspring
with longer necks were able to get more food and so gained a reproductive
advantage over shorter necked giraffes. Over time more longer necked giraffes
survived and passed this trait to their offspring.
9. Describe how a breeder would develop a ‘species’ of long legged pigs.
10. Some breeder of Doberman Pincher dogs always cut or ‘dock’ the tails of
the pups. If only the puppies with docked tails are bred together, will the
breeders eventually create puppies born with short tails? Why?
11. In one population of birds, the birds select a new mate every spring. The
females prefer males with longer tails. The length of the tail does not affect
the male’s bird’s ability to survive in its environment. Is this an example of
natural selection? Why?
12. Which of the following increases the chance that a species will become extinct?
a. a low level of habitat disruption from humans
b. a low level of genetic variation within the species
c. a low number of natural predators
d. little change in the food supply over time
13. Species that can exist only within a narrow range of environmental parameters
are said to be specialists. Discuss how this specialization could lead to
extinction in the case of the giant panda.
14. Which of the following shows a correct link among factors related to
biodiversity?
a. Heat, light and rainfall promote biodiversity, which in turn results in more
plant species
b. Heat, light and rainfall promote the growth of many different plants, which
results in a more complex food chain and therefore more biodiversity
c. An increase in rainfall promotes the growth of more plants, which causes
more shade and cooler temperatures and therefore results in lower biodiversity
d. Heat, light and rainfall promote the growth of more plants. The increase in
competition means that the less-adapted species are forced out thus lowering
biodiversity
15. How is artificial insemination different from in vitro fertilization?
16. What is in-situ conservation? How is this different form the establishment of
zoos? (a form of ex-situ conservation).
17. A major human impact on biological diversity has been the introduction of
new species into existing ecosystems. For example the early settlers of North
America brought many animals and crop plants for farming. How could this
lead to a loss of biodiversity in the native, existing, environment? (discuss two
possible reasons)