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Notes Chapter 6-Forging a new Republic
George Washington is sworn in as the First _________ of the United States on April 30, 1789
 Inauguration was held in New York (temporary capital)
 John Adams becomes his ______-President (Adams received second most electoral votes)
 Washington picks his first cabinet:
Department of War-Henry Knox
State-Thomas ________
Treasury-Alexander ____________
Attorney General-Edmund Randolph
Political "parties" start to emerge
Federalists-lead by Alexander Hamilton, wanted stronger ____________ government
Jeffersonian Republicans-lead by Thomas Jefferson-wanted _________ national government, wanted
states to retain their power (later called the Democratic-republicans)
Beginnings of the Two-party system
The Bill of Rights is debated by Congress and passed in 1791.
The U.S. Constitution left the structure of the courts up to Congress, they pass the Judiciary Act of
1789-organizing the Judicial Branch, John Jay appointed first chief justice of Supreme _________
Hamilton's economic plan
 He wanted the federal government to take on all Revolutionary war debt from the states
 To pay off war debt-must find way to raise revenue-Congress passes Tariff of 1789 and passes
Excise tax on liquor
 Wanted to establish a national ______
But....the northern states had more debt than the southern states....if federal government paid off all
war debts....southern states would be paying for northern states debts. Congress rejects this. But.....
Hamilton, Jefferson, and Madison come up with a compromise:
 National capital had moved from New York to Philadelphia....Virginians wanted it in the south
 In exchange for Congress passing Hamilton's debt bill....capital would be moved to the south by
1800
Washington chooses Frenchmen Pierre Charles L'Enfant to plan the layout of new capital
Controversy of Hamilton's national bank was a question of how much power the federal government
should have.......__________ vs __________ interpretation of the U.S. Constitution.
How did Hamilton justify his national bank idea? Loose interpretation....."necessary and proper clause"
Jefferson said no.....U.S. Constitution gives no power for this.....Strict Interpretation
But Hamilton's national bank bill is passed charting the....first Bank of the United States
Whisky Rebellion
 farmers in western Pennsylvania violently objected to Hamilton's excise tax on _________
 farmers attack tax collectors
 Washington himself leads troops to take care of the rebellion
 When Washington arrives, farmers scatter
 Federal government shows that it will take action in states affairs
French revolution erupts in 1789!
 Great Britain declares war on France
 Washington wanted to remain neutral....he issues the Neutrality Proclamation
 Britain began seizing American merchant ships, put American sailors into prison, stirring up
trouble in Northwest territories amongst the Indians....Washington sends John Jay to Britain to
negotiate...
 Jay's Treaty-Britain agrees to pay for damages to American ships, agreed to leave northwestern
forts, America agrees to pay debts owed to Britain...very unpopular treaty.
Pinckney's Treaty-(1795)-Spain gives United States right to use Mississippi River and port of New
Orleans, settles northern border of __________
Battle of Fallen Timbers-American forces defeat Miamis (Indians in Ohio ) agree to the Treaty of
Greenville-Miamis give up land in Ohio in exchange for claim to other lands they had.
Election of 1796
John Adams is elected President, Thomas Jefferson receives second most electoral votes-becomes
______________________
Sectionalism-loyalty to ones region
Quasi-War with France
 French begin to seize American ships
 Adams sends diplomats to France...they are ignored at first (huge insult) then France sends 3
low level diplomats to meet them.
 These three diplomats demand __________ and a loan
 Becomes known as the _____ affair
 Congress cuts off trade with France, canceled previous treaties,
 Establish U.S. navy 1798 and started building warships
 Congress' action persuaded France's government (headed by Napoleon Bonaparte) to sign
treaty....war avoided
Anger over the XYZ affair helped support for the Alien and Sedition Acts
 Trying to protect the country from foreign and domestic enemies
 Alien Acts-increased residency requirement for citizenship from 5 years to 14, requires
_______________ to register with the government, dangerous foreigners allowed to be jailed or
______________ (no body was ever deported)
 Sedition Act-outlawed seditious or malicious writings of the government (____ Amendment?)
Virginia and Kentucky resolutions-Jefferson and Madison argued Alien and Sedition Acts were
unconstitutional
Nullification-state's ability to nullify (declare ______ ) federal laws that states believed were
unconstitutional
Election of 1800
 Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson vs Federalist John Adams
 Aaron Burr was Democratic-Republican Vice-president candidate
 Election was a tie between Jefferson and Burr!
 U.S. Constitution says in case of an electoral tie-House of ______________ chooses President.
 Hamilton urged Federalists to vote for Jefferson
 Jefferson picked by House of representatives to be 3rd President of the United States.
 This problem was fixed by the 12th Amendment. (electors cast separate ballots for President
and Vice-President)
Burr blamed Hamilton for losing the presidency (and other reasons)and challenged him to a duel. Burr
kills Hamilton!
Jefferson's Presidency
 Jefferson considered it his "revolution of 1800"
 He reduced the size and influence of Federal government
 Founded __________ military academy
 Increased the navy because of the Barbary War:
The Barbary Wars were a series of (largely) naval conflicts between the United States of America and
several of the Muslim nations on the coast of North ________ in the early 1800's. These North African
countries on the "Barbary" coast engaged in piracy on the open seas against merchant shipping. The
piracy against American shipping continued until the U.S. gained the military and naval strength to
protect American-flagged ships.
The First Barbary War, also known as the Tripolitanian War, lasted from 1801 to 1805, and is considered
by many to be America's first "foreign war."
The U.S Marine Corps took part in many operations against the Barbary pirates along the “Shores of
Tripoli.”
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Louisiana purchase-Jefferson wanted to protect American ________ along the Mississippi River
and the port of New Orleans. He sends James Monroe to negotiate purchase of New Orleans
but France (___________) offers to sell all of the Louisiana territory! America busy Louisiana
from France nearly doubling the size of the United States. "Strict vs loose" interpretation?
Jefferson sends Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to map, explore, and survey Louisiana
territory. "Lewis and Clark expedition" _____________ helped as a guide
Zebulon M Pike-explores Mississippi Valley looking for the source of the river.
Marbury vs Madison-(1803)-established the power of "_______________" The U.S. Supreme court has
authority to declare acts of Congress ____________________.
War of 1812
 War between France and Britain (AGAIN!)
 Both countries ignore America's Neutrality position
 Britain began the practice of impressment- American sailors kidnapped and forcing to work on
____________ ships
 British ship Leopard fires on American ship the Chesapeake
 To avoid war, Jefferson and Congress pass the Embargo Act-prohibiting _________ to foreign
countries, horrible for the American economy
 Embargo Act hurts Jefferson and he losses the1808 election to James Madison
 Britain once again tries to stir up Indians against the Americans in the Northwest territories.
 William Henry Harrison defeats Shawnee Indians at the Battle of Tippecanoe (makes him a
national hero)
 War Hawks-want war with Britain. Doves-want ___________
 United States declares war on Britain.
 American ship the U.S.S Constitution sinks British ship Guerrire, cannon balls bounce off Oak
hull of the U.S.S. Constitution giving it its nickname "Old _____________"
 American Captain Oliver Hazard Perry wins battle of lake Erie "We have met the enemy and
they are ours"
 Shawnee Tecumseh joins British, they are defeated at Battle of the Thames by General Harrison
 Andrew Jackson defeats Creek Indians at Battle of Horseshoe bend.
 British forces march on Washington, DC. Burn many buildings including the White House and
the Capital building. Dolly Madison?
 British bomb fort McHenry at Baltimore. American flag still flying after night of
bombardment...Francis Scott Key writes what would become America's national
_____________..."The Star Spangled Banner"
 Treaty of Ghent signed ending War of 1812.
 Battle of New Orleans-Andrew Jackson defeats British making him a national hero.
Things for you to do
Henry Clay
Judiciary act of 1801
Be able to explain what happened leading to "Marbury vs Madison"
Key points of George Washington's farewell address (What did he warn us about?)
Benjamin Banneker